School of Education and Social sciences
https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/1751
2024-03-28T21:40:07ZAFRICAN ORAL LITERATURE: ANALYSIS OF VISUAL RESOURCES AND IMPROVISED TECHNIQUES IN SELECTED BUKUSU CIRCUMCISION SONGS
https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/3010
AFRICAN ORAL LITERATURE: ANALYSIS OF VISUAL RESOURCES AND IMPROVISED TECHNIQUES IN SELECTED BUKUSU CIRCUMCISION SONGS
JUMA, WABWILE BENSON
The study is an analysis of visual resources and improvised techniques in the actualization of the Bukusu circumcision songs. The study examines the roles, social cultural values and dynamisms of visual resources and improvised techniques in actualizing Bukusu circumcision songs. Visual resources and improvised techniques in the Bukusu circumcision songs are likely to vanish due to social and cultural chamges. The purpose of this study was to determine the specifics impact of these valuable components in Bukusu circumcision songs. The study's objectives examined the role of improvised techniques and visual resources in actualizing Bukusu circumcision songs, analyze the social-cultural values attached to them and evaluate their dynamic nature. There are scanty and generally analysed literary studies on Bukusu oral literature; this study intends to fill the gap by focusing on visual resources and improvised techniques integral to the Bukusu circumcision songs. The research was conducted among the Bukusu sub-community of Luhya community in Kimilili- Sub County, Bungoma County with a sample size of 220 respondents. The study employed Performance Theory because it was a performance-cantered approach and more adequate for analysing visual resources and improvised techniques employed in Bukusu circumcision songs more effectively. The study relied on mixed methods research designs. The primary and secondary sources were exploited in data collection. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package of Social Sciences then subjected to the rating scale. Regarding study objective number one, the study found that visual resources and improvised techniques played a role actualising Bukusu circumcision songs. The study's second objective found that social-cultural values are attached to visual resources and improvised techniques in Bukusu circumcision songs. In analysing the dynamism of visual resources and improvised techniques in Bukusu circumcision songs, this study found that that education and theme change in BCS impacted visual resources and improvised techniques. The researcher demonstrated that visual resources and improvised techniques components exhibited during the actualization of Bukusu circumcision songs are integral parts of Bukusu circumcision songs, without which the songs are deemed incomplete. This work will be critical to scholars in various institutions where subjects including music, dance, and creative sculptures are fields of interest to societies. Based on the objective of study, the researcher recommends that the roles of visual resources and improvised techniques in Bukusu circumcision songs cannot be ignored; there is a need for the government of Kenya and other cultural stakeholders to appreciate these components and initiate programs that promotes traditional circumcision songs as a source of tourist attraction activities in Kenya.
THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN LITERATURE OF KARATINA UNIVERSITY
2023-11-01T00:00:00ZASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ‘JITEGEMEA’ PHILOSOPHY ON THE SELF-RELIANCE, PROPAGATION AND GOVERNANCE OF PCEA IN NYERI AND KIRINYAGA COUNTIES, KENYA (1971-2021)
https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/3009
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ‘JITEGEMEA’ PHILOSOPHY ON THE SELF-RELIANCE, PROPAGATION AND GOVERNANCE OF PCEA IN NYERI AND KIRINYAGA COUNTIES, KENYA (1971-2021)
KARIITHI, ALICE MURUGI
The call for moratorium on foreign missionaries and subsequent adoption of
‘Jitegemea’ (self-sustaining) philosophy in the Presbyterian Church of East Africa
(PCEA) provoked a strong debate about the future of the church and her ability to
develop without external support. However, limited research has examined the
effectiveness of the ‘Jitegemea’ philosophy on the development of the church, fifty
years later. This study assessed the effectiveness of Jitegemea philosophy on the
attainment of the goals of PCEA in Nyeri and Kirinyaga counties which form the
Kirimara West Presbytery. The specific objectives were: to explore factors leading to
the call for moratorium on foreign missionary activities in the PCEA; analyze the
positive outcomes of adopting the ‘Jitegemea’ philosophy on the spiritual, social and
economic functions of PCEA; examine the challenges experienced by the PCEA since
the moratorium; and assess the extent to which the PCEA in Nyeri and Kirinyaga
counties has achieved the goal of self-sustenance. Henry Venn’s theory of a self supporting, self-governing and self-propagating church guided the study. A descriptive
survey research design was adopted and targeted 13,180 ordinary members, 418 elders
and 13 Parish ministers. A sample size of 100 respondents from ordinary church
members who were selected using Yamanne’s formula of 10% participated in the study.
In addition, 20% of the 418 church elders were selected to give a sample of 84 elders.
One parish minister from each of the 11 parishes was purposively selected for the study,
giving a sample of 11 ministers. Data from the ordinary church members and elders
was collected using questionnaires. An interview guide was used to collect data from
the parish ministers. To test for validity and reliability of the data collection
instruments, a pilot study was conducted in two parishes in the neighboring Murang’a
County. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of the
questionnaires and a coefficient of 0.705 was achieved, indicating that the instruments
were reliable. Ethical considerations of anonymity, confidentiality and informed
consent were strictly adhered to. After collection, quantitative data was analyzed
descriptively using percentages and frequencies. Data presentation was done in form of
tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Qualitative data was analyzed using the thematic
approach to enrich the quantitative results. The study found out that the call for
moratorium on foreign mission activities was a strategy to allow the PCEA churches to
be self-reliant and embrace total responsibility for the work of the church and its
mission activities. Among the positive outcomes of adopting the ‘Jitegemea’
philosophy were improved financial freedom, increased church membership and gender
equality in service. However, inadequate resources slowed the achievement of the
PCEA goal of self-reliance, self-governance and self-propagation despite the effort
made. Despite the challenges members of the PCEA still believe that it is necessary for
the church to be self-reliant in its activities. The study recommends regular training on
how to carry out mission work and evangelization, proper planning of church projects
to save on funds and formulation of policies to guide decision making in church
governance. The study findings are expected to add on to the existing literature on the
‘Jitegemea’ philosophy and may provide valuable lessons to policy makers, church
leaders, Christians and other stake holders on church development and project
sustainability.
A RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE CONFEREMENT OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES OF KARATINA UNIVERSITY
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZKINAYA KAMA NJIA YA KUBAINISHA MAUDHUI: MIFANO KUTOKA RIWAYA YA CHOZI LA HERI NA TAMTHILIA YA KIGOGO
https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/3008
KINAYA KAMA NJIA YA KUBAINISHA MAUDHUI: MIFANO KUTOKA RIWAYA YA CHOZI LA HERI NA TAMTHILIA YA KIGOGO
MWANIKI, MILKAH WANJUGU
Kinaya ni mbinu muhimu ya kimtindo ambayo hutumiwa na waandishi wa riwaya na
watunzi wa tamthilia kuwasilisha ujumbe wao katika kazi za fasihi. Madhumuni ya utafiti
huu yalikuwa: Kuchunguza matumizi ya kinaya kama mbinu ya kimtindo katika
kubainisha maudhui na wahusika katika matini mbili za fasihi ya Kiswahili ambazo ni:
riwaya ya Assumpta K. Matei ya Chozi la Heri na tamthilia ya Kigogo ya Pauline Kea.
Malengo ya utafiti yalikuwa; moja, kubainisha aina mbalimbali za kinaya katika kazi
teule za fasihi; mbili, kueleza jinsi kinaya kimetumika kuendeleza maudhui katika
matini mbili teule za fasihi ya Kiswahili; tatu, kueleza jinsi kinaya kinavyotumika katika
kujenga sifa za wahusika katika kazi teule. Utafiti uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Kimtindo
pamoja na mihimili yake ambayo iliongoza kila sura ya utafiti huu. Nadharia hii inaeleza
kwamba ili kuielewa kazi ya fasihi, msomaji anafaa kuelewa kuhusu mbinu za lugha
ambazo zimetumika. Utafiti huu unaangazia mbinu ya kinaya vile imetumika katika
kubainisha maudhui kama vile uongozi mbaya, ukatili, unafiki na ufisadi. Miongoni
mwa waasisi wake ni Coombes (1953). Riwaya ya Chozi la Heri na tamthilia ya Kigogo
ziliteuliwa kimakusudi kwa msingi wa utajiri wao wa kinaya. Ili kupata data katika
utafiti, mtafiti alisoma vitabu, nadharia, na majarida yanayohusiana na mada ya utafiti.
Utafiti ulitumia muundo wa utafiti wa kimaelezo. Mjadala wa vikundi lengwa uliohusisha
washiriki wanne pamoja na mtafiti ulitumika kukusanya data kutoka katika matini teule.
Data ilichanganuliwa kwa misingi ya malengo ya utafiti. Utafiti unabainisha kuwa kuna
aina mbalimbali za kinaya katika kazi za fasihi. Hizi ni: Hali, drama, mazungumzo,
kilimwengu, na kinaya cha kisokratiki. Utafiti pia unadhihirisha kuwa vinaya vya hali,
mazungumzo na drama ndizo msingi katika ukuzaji wa dhamira na wahusika katika
matini mbili teule. Utafiti huu ulihitimisha kuwa kinaya huwa muhimu katika fasihi
kwa kuwa hutumika katika kubainisha maudhui hasi katika jamiii kwa kuonyesha
matendo maovu ya wahusika wanayotenda kinyume cha matarajio ya wahusika wengine.
Kwa mfano viongozi wanaweza kujitokeza wakitenda matendo hasi kama vile mauaji,
usaliti uzinzi na ubinafsi kinyume na matarajio ya wananchi waliowateua.Tena kinaya ni
muhimu kwa kuwa hutumiwa kueleza sifa za wahusika katika fasihi kwa kuonyesha vile
wahusika wanatenda maovu jambo ambalo ni kinyume cha matarajio ya wahusika
wengine na pia wasomaji.kuwasilisha maudhui na wahusika katika kazi za fasihi na
kinapaswa kufasiriwa kimuktadha ili kuimarisha mawasiliano. Utafiti unapendekeza
kuwa watafiti wa lugha watumie kinaya kama nyenzo ya kuwasilisha masuala
yanayodhihirika katika jamii. Utafiti huu unanuiwa kuwanufaisha watafiti wa fasihi ya
Kiswahili, wanafunzi, waandishi wa riwaya na watunzi wa tamthilia ili kubainisha dhima
ya mitindo ya kifasihi kama vile kinaya katika kuwasilisha ujumbe uliokusudiwa na
mwandishi.
TASNIFU HII IMETOLEWA ILI KUTOSHELEZA BAADHI YA MAHITAJI YA SHAHADA YA UZAMILI KATIKA CHUO KIKUU CHA KARATINA
2023-11-01T00:00:00ZEFFECTS OF MIRAA FARMING ON RETENTION OF THE BOY-CHILD IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MBEERE SOUTH-SUB COUNTY, KENYA
https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/2997
EFFECTS OF MIRAA FARMING ON RETENTION OF THE BOY-CHILD IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MBEERE SOUTH-SUB COUNTY, KENYA
Nderi, Rachel Kirigo
The Government of Kenya, in its efforts to achieve vision 2030, aims at improving
retention rates in secondary schools. This effort however is frustrated by increasing
dropout rates particularly in public secondary schools, which is attributed to a number of
factors among them cultural, environmental, school, based and socio economic. The
purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of miraa farming on the retention of
the boy-child in public secondary schools particularly in Mbeere South Sub-County,
Kenya. The objectives of the study were: to establish the socio-economic factors, to
evaluate the effects of socio-cultural factors and to assess the effects of family factors
related to miraa farming affecting school retention of boy child in public secondary
schools in Mbeere-South Sub-County. The study was guided by the Social Systems
Theory. The study employed a descriptive research design. The location of the study was
specifically the miraa growing areas of Mbeere South Sub County. The study population
included 56 principals, 140 class teachers, and 24 local administrators. The sample
included 12 principals, 140 teachers and eight local administrators. Twelve schools from
the miraa growing areas of Mbeere South Sub-Couny were purposively sampled for the
study. Purposive sampling was also employed to select the 12 principals and eight local
administrators while stratified random sampling was used to select 36 teachers from
specific schools. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient
was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Qualitative data was analyzed
through content analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such
as percentages, means and standard deviations and was presented by use of frequency
distribution tables. The study found that students drop out to seek employment in miraa
farms/ businesses. Reasons for dropping out of school were cited as inability to raise
school fees and other levies due to the United Kingdom ban of miraa exportation.
Further, the study found that the society regards miraa farming/ business higher than
school attendance. Finally, the findings of the study demonstrated that families in the area
rely heavily on labor from their children to tend their miraa farms. Based on the findings
of the study, the Ministry of Education may develop policies that may streamline the
retention of the boy-child in public secondary schools.
A Thesis Submitted to the School of Education and Social Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Conferment of the Degree of Master of Education in Educational Administration, Karatina University
2023-11-01T00:00:00Z