Department of Business and Entrepreneurship
https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/1774
2024-03-29T06:40:54ZSTRATEGIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP, LEAN-GREEN PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF MEDIUM HOTELS IN KENYAN CITIES
https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/3012
STRATEGIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP, LEAN-GREEN PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF MEDIUM HOTELS IN KENYAN CITIES
NGUNGA, JOSEPH KARIMI
Strategic entrepreneurship has been associated with adopting technologies, products, and
administrative innovations which culminate in better firm performance. The current
rapidly changing and highly competitive market has put companies under great pressure
to adopt sustainable practices, in terms of keeping a healthy balance among economic,
environmental, and social performances. Studies done in the hotel industry have not
addressed the contribution of strategic entrepreneurship on performance and
competitiveness. The general objective of this study was to determine the influence of
strategic entrepreneurship on performance among medium hotel enterprises in Kenyan
cities. Specifically, the study examined the influence of entrepreneurial mindset on
performance, established the influence of innovations on performance, analyzed the
influence of capital mobilization on performance, examined the effect of networks on
performance, and established the moderating influence of lean-green practices on the
relationship between strategic entrepreneurship and performance of medium hotel
enterprises in Kenyan cities. The study was anchored on Schumpeterian Innovations
Theory, Natural Resource Based-View Theory, and Dynamic Capabilities Theory. The
study adopted the pragmatic research philosophy and employed a mixed-method
research design. The study population was 534 managers of medium sized hotel
enterprises in Mombasa, Kisumu, and Nairobi. The sample size was determined using
the Yamane (1967) sampling formula, resulting in a sample of 229 respondents. A
proportionate stratified sampling technique was applied to get a representative sample of
each city. Primary data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. A pilot
study was carried out in Nanyuki and Embu towns among medium hotel enterprises to
test the reliability and accuracy of the research instruments. Construct validity was
determined by calculating average variances extracted (AVEs) for each construct, then
reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency index. The Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used as the main software for data analysis. The data
was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson’s correlation and
regression models were used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data was
analyzed using content analysis. The hypothesis testing used structural equation
modeling. The hierarchical multiple moderated regression model was used to measure
the strength of the relationship between strategic entrepreneurship , lean-green practices
and performance of medium hotels in Kenyan cities. From the joint effect model the
results established that strategic entrepreneurship had the most significant influence on
performance of medium hotels in Kenyan cities (Regression coefficient .751, p = .000)
followed by lean-green practices (Regression coefficient .417, p = .000), and positively
and significantly moderate the relationship between strategic entrepreneurship and
performance (Regression coefficient .937, p = .017) with R2 change 1 percent additional
variance. The study concluded that lean-green practices positively moderate the
relationship between strategic entrepreneurship and performance of medium hotels.
Based on the findings, the study recommends enhancement of designing, implementing,
and utilizing strategic entrepreneurship with lean-green practices in medium hotels
production matrix. The findings are beneficial to the management and stakeholders in
the hotel industry and academia.
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE CONFERMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF KARATINA UNIVERSITY.
2023-11-01T00:00:00ZA THESIS SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF BUSINESS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONFEREMENT OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF KARATINA UNIVERSITY
https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/3007
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF BUSINESS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONFEREMENT OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF KARATINA UNIVERSITY
KIURA, HESBON MBUTHIA
Entrepreneurial leadership is crucial for cooperative organizations as it involves
taking risks, driving growth as it encourages creativity and innovation.
Ambidexterity refers to the ability of an organization to both exploit and explore
implying to deliver efficiency, control, and incremental improvements, while
embracing flexibility, autonomy, and experimentation. Organizational ambidexterity
has the ability of firms to pursue and synchronize exploratory and exploitative
innovation simultaneously it not only helps firms overcome structural inertia that
results from a focus on exploitation, but also refrain firms from accelerating
exploration without deriving benefits from these activities.Coffee has been an
important cash crop in Kenya’s agricultural sector. It is one of the greatest foreign
exchange earners of the country and a main source of employment in rural areas,
providing food security and income for the rural areas. This success has been
achieved through coffee cooperative societies management that process and market
coffee for the farmers. In recent years, there has been a decline in coffee production
in Kenya. The decline of coffee export earnings has been attributed to inefficient and
ineffectiveness of coffee marketing cooperative societies management operations
and therefore the need to refocus their approach. The general objective of this study
was to examine how entrepreneurial leadership mediates the relationship between
senior team attributes and organizational ambidexterity among coffee marketing
cooperative societies in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were; to
determine how shared vision influence organizational ambidexterity, to establish
whether social integration affect organizational ambidexterity and to find out how
contingency rewards influence organizational ambidexterity of coffee marketing
cooperative societies in Kenya. The study also established the mediating role of
entrepreneurial leadership between senior team attributes and organizational
ambidexterity for coffee cooperative societies in Kenya. This study was anchored on
two major theories which were Collective Entrepreneurship Theory and Path Goal Theory
of Leadership and supported by other theories mentioned in the study. The study used
cross-sectional survey design. The target population was coffee marketing
cooperative societies registered in Kenya as at 31st December 2019. The study target
population was 436 managers from coffee marketing cooperative societies while the
sample size of this study was 242 managers. Primary data was obtained by the use of
as elf-administered semi-structured questionnaire. A pilot study was done to check
the reliability and validity of the research instrument. Data analysis was done using
descriptive and inferential statistics. The formulated hypotheses were tested using
Baron and Kenny’s approach to validate the relationships between the study
variables. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used to
assist in analysis and findings were presented using cross-tabulations, charts and
path models. The study found that entrepreneurial leadership partially mediates the
relationship between senior team attributes and organization ambidexterity (R2
change from 11.1% to 16.6%). This study concludes that entrepreneurial leadership
is a critical approach for coffee marketing cooperative societies in Kenya. The
findings of the study will help managers to maximize their efficiency and achieve
their strategic goals during their operations especially when they want to
internationalize. The findings of this study will be of interest to coffee marketing
cooperative society’s board of directors, government officials, academia, financial
institutions and agropreneurs.
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF BUSINESS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ONFEREMENT OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF KARATINA UNIVERSITY
2023-11-01T00:00:00ZCAPITAL STRUCTURE, BANK SIZE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LOWER TIER COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/3005
CAPITAL STRUCTURE, BANK SIZE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LOWER TIER COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
KINYUA, PATRICK KARUKI
The banking sector is recognized as the most visible source of finance and key to global trade and economic growth. Banking institutions play a notable role in building both domestic and global economies by ensuring credit is available to finance businesses and households. However, the performance of banking sector from global, regional and local perspective has
been deteriorating with small banks being affected the most. The phenomenon has been linked to the manner banks of different sizes finances their operations (capital structure), but remains debatable among scholars. It is argued that a properly designed capital structure defines the manner in which a bank seeks funds from various sources to finance its operations without
risking high costs of capital that may jeopardize its performance. In Kenya, the capital structure has been in the center of operational performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The Kenyan banking sector is categorized into three tiers, tier I, II and III based on bank size. However, the profitability of the tier II and III have been declining resulting to an enquiry to whether, the size
of the bank has any influence on capital structure and performance of the banks. This study therefore sought to determine the moderating influence of bank size on the relationship between capital structure and profitability of lower tier commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the influence of internal equity capital; the influence of short term debt capital; the influence of external equity capital and the influence of long term equity capital on profitability of lower tier commercial banks in Kenya. Appropriate null hypotheses were developed for each objective. This study was anchored in pecking order theory, Modigliani and Miller Capital Structure Theory, trade-off theory of capital structure, the net income approach, Dynamic Trade-off Theory and Agency Cost Theory. Pragmatism research philosophy was adopted where the study concurrently employed descriptive and explanatory research design. The study population was 37 commercial banks in Tier II and III in Kenya that were fully operational from 2016 to 2020 and a census of all the 37 banks was conducted. The main data of study was secondary data; whereby primary data was also collected for triangulation purposes. The validity of the secondary data was enhanced by collecting data from audited and certified sources while the reliability of the questionnaire was ascertained through use of Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics entailed percentages, means, standard deviations, minimums, maximums, Skewness and Kurtosis. The inferential statistics comprised of multilevel mixed model analysis and hierarchical multiple linear models. A range of model and data diagnostic tests were conducted before estimating the study’s regression models and included the Mixed ANOVA, utocorrelation, normality tests, heteroscedasticity tests, multicollinearity tests and stationarity tests. The results were presented using tables and figures. The study found that internal equity had a positive and significant effect on net profit margin of lower tier commercial banks (β=.429, p=.000<0.05) but bank size did not moderate the effect of internal equity on net profit margin of lower tier commercial banks in Kenya (β=.148, p=600>0.05). External equity had a positive and significant effect on net profit margin of lower tier commercial banks (β=.229, p=.036<0.05). Bank size positively and significantly moderates the relationship between external equity and performance of lower tier banks in Kenya (β=2.350, p =.000<0.05) and has an enhancing effect
on external equity. Long term debt had a negative and significant effect on the financial performance of lower tier commercial banks (β=-.966, p=.029<0.05). Bank size moderates the effect of long term debt on financial performance of lower tier commercial banks in Kenya (β= .695, p-value=.024<0.05) and has an antagonistic effect on long term debt capital. Nonetheless,
short term debt had a positive but insignificant effect on the financial performance of lower tier commercial banks (β=.067, p=.625>0.05). Bank size moderated the effect of short term debt on financial performance of lower tier commercial banks (β=.127, p=.019<0.05) with strengthening effect. Thus, the study concludes that bank size moderates the effect of external
equity, short term debt and long term debt on financial performance of lower tier commercial banks but does not moderate the effect of internal equity on financial performance of lower tier commercial banks. The study recommends that lower tier commercial banks need to encourage xxii its shareholders to re-invest back their earnings rather than consuming them as dividends as internal equity is affordable and readily available when the bank is in urgent financial need. The study further recommends that a bank should keenly evaluate when to use external equity funding though external equity funding may be costlier. Lower tier commercial banks may also employ long term sources like equity shares, debentures, preference shares and public deposits as they are usually less prone to short term shocks as it is secured by formally established contractual terms. In addition, lower tier commercial banks may also need to diversify their product and service portfolio to expand their aggregate asset base and competitiveness in the market so that they can withstand financial and market shocks. The study offers great value to the management of lower commercial banks and other players in the sector. The regulators including the CBK may get insightful information that would assist in formulation of policy on ideal financing structures for lower tier commercial banks. The study also provides a worthy benchmark to future research work on capital structure and profitability of small and medium
sized commercial banks
A Thesis Submitted to the School of Business in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Conferment of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Finance Option) In Business Management of Karatina University.
2023-11-01T00:00:00ZINSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF CHARTERED PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA
https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/3004
INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF CHARTERED PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA
KARIUKI, PETER WANDURUA
The performance of public universities is a global concern over the last few decades. In
Kenya, this has been demonstrated by challenges such as financial constraints evidenced
by inability to meet their debt obligations and statutory remittances; poor academic
quality marked by low global ranking; inadequate research funding and limited
community engagements. Universities have in the past intervened through Institutional
management practices with little improvement in performance. The specific objectives of
the study were to determine influence of transparency; adherence to management
guidelines; level of public participation and to establish the moderating influence of
sustainability strategies on the relationship between Institutional management practices
and performance of public universities in Kenya. The study was anchored on resource
based and social network theories. The study used a pragmatic philosophy and mixed
research method with a target population of 31 chartered public universities. This was a
census study and the respondents were 230 university top managers. Primary data was
collected using a structured questionnaire and an interview guide. Quantitative data was
analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data was analyzed
using content analysis. Findings revealed that Institutional management practices had a
statistical significant influence on performance of public universities in Kenya (adjusted
R 2 0.37, P 0.000) with level of transparency adjusted R 2 0.307, P 0.000; adherence to
management guidelines R 2 0.309, P 0.000 and level of public participation adjusted R 2
0.226, P 0.000. The study also established that sustainability strategies moderated the
relationship between Institutional management practices and performance of public
universities in Kenya. The regression analysis revealed that Institutional management
practices alone accounted for 52% of the variation in performance of public universities
(adjusted R 2 =0.52). Sustainability strategies accounted for 39% (adjusted R 2 =0.39). The
interaction term (Institutional management practices and sustainability strategies)
accounted for 72 % of the variation in performance of public universities. These results
were in agreement with the findings of qualitative data analysis. The study concluded that
implementation of sustainability strategies combined with adherence to good Institutional
management practices are essential strategies that public universities can adopt to
improve their performance. The study recommended that public universities should
implement sustainability strategies alongside good Institutional management practices so
as to remain competitive and relevant.
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONFERMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OPTION) IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT OF KARATINA UNIVERSITY.
2023-11-01T00:00:00Z