Department of Social sciences

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Isochronal Map of Fresh Fruits and Vegetable Transportation from the Mt. Kenya Region to Nairobi
(Journal of Maps, 2011-01) Dannenberg, Peter; Nduru, Gilbert; Kunze, Manuela
Developing countries like Kenya face problems of poor transportation networks, which make the time distance relationship in the transportation of fresh fruit and vegetables (FFV) products to be of great importance in determining whether the products reach the market fresh and in marketable quality. This map demonstrates that relationship using the case of the Mt. Kenya region. It highlights the quality and extent of the road infrastructure in the region and the relative time and distance that FFV producers and transporters take to transport their products to the main export point at the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) in Nairobi.
Practices in International Value Chains: The Case of the Kenyan Fruit and Vegetable Chain beyond the Exclusion Debate
(TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ECONOMISCHE ENSOCIALE GEOGRAFIE, 2013-02) Dannenberg, Peter; Nduru, Gilbert
The emerging role of private standards as new forms of regulation and co-ordination in international trade and production is discussed in various fields including economic geography. A prominent example is the impact of the European standard GlobalGAP (former EurepGap) in Kenyan export horticulture. While today this standard is a quasi mandatory precondition for entering the EU market, several studies came to conclude that its high requirements led to market exclusion of most Kenyan farmers. This paper analyses how far farmers have in fact been excluded or have found alternative ways to enter the chain. Based on our own surveys, we identify and analyse different informal possibilities that are frequently used to produce for EU markets without a GlobalGAP certificate. Here we argue that informal production flows can take place even in highly standardised sophisticated consumer markets and should therefore be integrated into analyses on global value chains.