Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Theses and Dissertations
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Item MAU MAU PRISONERS CONTRIBUTION TO THE CONVERSION OF DESOLATE MWEA INTO KENYA’S LARGEST RICE PRODUCTION SETTLEMENT SCHEME 1952 -2018(KARATINA UNIVERSITY, 2024-09) CHIERA, PETER MAINAIn the 1950s in Kenya a nationalist uprising against colonial rule erupted in Kenya. The Mau Mau prisoners were detained in detention camps spread in the whole country. In Mwea detention camps hardcore prisoners provided labour in the rice fields started by British colonialists in Kirinyaga County. After release from detention camps some of the Mau Mau prisoners became tenants in Mwea Irrigation Scheme. The purpose of this study was to examine the role played by the Mau Mau detainees in Mwea to the growth of the rice irrigation scheme. The objectives of the study were: to examine the British colonial land policies that led to the establishment of Mwea Irrigation Scheme, to analyze how Mau Mau prisoners labour transformed Mwea Rice Irrigation Scheme and finally to assess how settlement of Mau Mau prisoners in Mwea Rice Irrigation transformed their social economic status. The study was informed by the political theory of decolonization and post-colonialism advanced by Margaret Kohn and Keally MacBride. The theory holds that understanding of colonialism and decolonization can help to understand contemporary politics. The study used historical research design which employs document analysis and validated with oral interviews from participants. The design is appropriate to establish facts in order to arrive at conclusions concerning past events. The sample population comprised of thirty nine key informants. The study used interview guides as research instrument to generate qualitative data. Information was taped and later transcribed. The study used snowballing and purposive sampling techniques to collect information. Data was analyzed qualitatively. The study demonstrated that Mau Mau prisoners detained in Mwea prison camps contributed to the establishment of Mwea rice irrigation scheme. The prisoners constructed water canals, furrows, residential houses, and growing of rice. It is noted from the study that some of the prisoners were rejected after rehabilitation by their own people. They were taken back to Mwea and became tenants, thus contributing to the growth of Maurice Irrigation Scheme. The study recommends that policy makers initiated programs to address some of the challenges facing ex-Mau Mau prisoners and other farmers in Mwea Irrigation Scheme. The study findings will contribute to Mau Mau historiography.Item BEHAVIOUR CHANGE COMMUNICATION INTERVENTIONS AND ROAD SAFETY AMONGST BODA-BODA MOTORCYCLISTS IN KENYAN CITIES(KARATINA UNIVERSITY, 2024-09) NTHOKI, BARBARA; WANJUKIBehavior change communication (BCC) interventions have been used globally to address challenges in several sectors. The successful use of interventions has been reported in the transport sector, education, health agricultural sectors amongst others. These interventions have also targeted road safety challenges among road users. Road safety has become a major concern, with over 1.3 million people losing their lives worldwide annually and over 4,000 in Kenya. Human behavior on the road causes 90 percent of deaths and injuries among road users, with Boda-boda motorcyclists contributing 58 percent of all road accidents in Kenya. Against this backdrop, this study sought to establish the influence of behavior change communication interventions on road safety among Boda-boda motorcyclists in Kenyan cities. The specific objectives of this study were to establish the influence of media campaigns on road safety among Boda-boda motorcyclists in Kenyan cities; establish the influence of participatory communication on road safety; to determine the influence of traffic visual communication on road safety; to determine the influence of information, education, and communication on road safety among Boda-boda motorcyclists. In addition, this study sought to determine the moderating influence of attitude on the relationship between behavior change communication and road safety among Boda-boda motorcyclists in Kenyan cities. The study was anchored on the Social Cognitive Theory, Safety Culture Theory, and Uses and Gratification Theory. The study used a pragmatic philosophical paradigm with a convergent parallel design of mixed-method research. The Yamane (1967) formula was employed to determine the target population of 399 Boda-boda motorcyclists from four cities in Kenya—Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, and Nakuru—leading to a final sample of 387 respondents. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling were used to draw the sample. Interviews were conducted with nine key informants, purposively sampled from each city, drawn from the NTSA office, the Boda-boda association, and senior traffic police officers. A pilot study was carried out in Machakos to test the data collection instruments. Quantitative data was collected from the motorcyclists by use of semi-structured questionnaires, while qualitative data was gathered through key informant interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the quantitative data, while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Findings were presented using narratives and graphics. The findings indicate that there was a positive relationship between behavior change communication and road safety. The results for each objective were as follows: mass media showed R² = 0.504, p-value = 0.000 < 0.05; participatory communication, R² = 0.609, p-value = 0.000 < 0.05; information, education, and communication, R² = 0.586, p-value = 0.000 < 0.05; and traffic visual communication, R² = 0.608, p-value = 0.000 < 0.05. Attitude as a moderator demonstrated R² = 0.801, p-value = 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant impact on predicting road safety and showing a potential synergistic effect between the two factors. In conclusion, behavior change communication interventions aimed at Boda-boda motorcyclists significantly contribute to road safety. The study also contributes to academic discourse by highlighting the need for integrating BCC theories into practical applications in road safety initiatives. The study recommends the need for innovative multifaceted communication interventions to enhance safety and promote responsible behavior among Boda-boda motorcyclists in Kenyan cities. The findings will aid road safety stakeholders in crafting BCC interventions that elicit positive behavior among motorcyclists.Item EMPLOYEE WELLNESS PROGRAMMES, CREDIBLE LEADERSHIP AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN FAITH BASED HOSPITALS IN NAIROBI METROPOLITAN, KENYA(KARATINA UNIVERSITY, 2024-09) WAIRIMU, BEATRICE KARANJADespite the essential role of faith-based hospitals in provision of quality health services, they continuously face challenges, including workforce-related issues such as poor working conditions such as working for longer hours, seeing more than 8 patients in a day, high rates of absenteeism, lack of critical services, depression and other mental illness as well as drug and substance abuse. These occurrences affect service delivery. The main objective of the study was to investigate the influence of employee wellness programmes on service delivery in faith-based hospitals in Nairobi metropolitan. Specific objectives were; to assess the influence of employees’ emotional wellness programmes, intellectual wellness programmes, occupational wellness programmes and employee physical wellness programmes on service delivery in faith-based hospitals in Nairobi metropolitan and examine the moderating role of credible leadership on the influence of employee wellness programmes on service delivery in faith-based hospitals in Nairobi metropolitan. The study adopted descriptive survey and correlational research designs. The study targeted 1154 employees in the faith-based hospitals in Nairobi metropolitan. The study used stratified random sampling to select the respondents. The study sample size was 297 respondents. The study obtained primary data using a questionnaire. The descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse data. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, mean, standard deviation and percentage. Correlational analysis was used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The study also carried out a regression analysis to determine the level of association of the study variables. Results were presented in graphs and tables. The study established that there was moderate emphasis on employee’s emotional wellness programmes among the faith-based hospitals in Nairobi metropolitan area, there were employee’s intellectual wellness programmes, there was agreement among the respondents on the adoption of employee’s occupational wellness programmes and that there existed employees’ physical wellness programmes in the faith-based hospitals in Nairobi metropolitan. The study further established that hospital leadership demonstrated moderate credibility. Correlation analysis results showed that a significant weak positive correlation existed between service delivery and employee’s emotional wellness programmes (r=0.324), while a significant moderate positive correlation existed between service delivery and intellectual wellness programmes (r=0.519), occupational wellness programmes (r=0.666) and physical wellness programmes (r=0.539). The study determined that emotional wellness programmes had a significant influence on service delivery (R2= 0.101; β=0.324; P=0.000), intellectual wellness programmes had a significant influence on service delivery (R2= 0.267; β=0.519; P=0.000), occupational wellness programmes had a significant influence on service delivery (R2= 0.442; β=0.666; P=0.000), physical wellness programmes had a significant influence on service delivery (R2= 0.288; β=0.539; P=0.000). The study also established that credible leadership had a significant moderating influence on the relationship between employee wellness programmes and service delivery. The study thus concluded that employee wellness programmes had a significant influence on service delivery. The study further concluded that credible leadership had a significant moderating influence on the relationship between employee wellness programmes and service delivery. The study recommends that the management of hospitals should ensure that there are employee wellness programmes for emotional, intellectual, occupational and physical wellness. The study results would be relevant to the management of faith-based hospitals, the government of Kenya, particularly the ministry of Health, and county governments because it would enlighten them when developing policies aimed at improving the quality of health care and working environment for their healthcare workers.