Research Publications

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Gender Differences in Secondary School Teacher Counsellors Perception of Ethical Standards in Counselling in Kiambu County, Kenya
(2023-07-31) Ngugi, Peter Kamande; Kanjogu, John; Kingori, Isaac W.
Ethical standards are at the core of counselling practice and are aimed at ensuring the welfare of the client and the counsellor are safeguarded. Counselling, like any other profession is governed by ethical standards and unless it’s provided on ethical basis, it may cease to serve its intended purpose. Despite the critical role of ethical standards in a counselling relationship, the extent to which a counsellor will adhere to these standards may be dependent on the way he/she perceives these standards. This study presumed that perception of ethical standards may be contingent on ones gender. This is the assumption that motivated this study with a desire to validate whether gender influences perceptions of ethical standards among teacher counsellors in secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study was guided by the moral development theory and adopted the mixed method research design. The target population was the 281 heads of guidance and counselling departments of secondary schools in Kiambu County and the five officials of guidance and counselling association in the county. The sample was 170 participants who comprised 165 heads of guidance and counselling departments and five officials of the guidance and counselling association in the County. The study utilized stratified and purposeful sampling methods. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and focused group discussion. The instruments were validated by subjecting them to expert’s scrutiny. The instrument’s reliability coefficient was 0.80 which was accepted. Data accruing from the focus group discussion was transcribed for ease of analysis while responses to the questionnaire were analysed through independent sample test. Five areas were focused by the study. These included ethical standards relating to counsellor-client relationship, counsellor integrity, clients informed consent, clients confidentiality and putting clients first. Accruing findings demonstrated that teacher counsellor’s had an unfavourable perception of ethical standards (mean =2.84). and that gender had a statistically significant influence on the perception of ethical standards among teacher counsellor’s in secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya (p= 0.000, t= -2.276). The study recommends that gender be an important factor for guiding the appointment of teacher counsellor’s and capacity building targeting male counsellors be initiated. Additionally, the study recommends that further research be carried out to establish whether there will be gender differences in perception of ethical standards and psychological gender. The study contributes to the body of knowledge as it provides a model of predicting the perception of ethical standards given the gender of teacher counsellors.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Banana Farmers’ Perception to Climate Change in Nyeri County, Kenya.
(Journal of Arts & Humanities, 2019-08-29) Karienye, David; Nduru, Gilbert; Kamiri, Hellen;
Climate change is one of the key constraints to banana production globally. The extent of the climate change impacts depends largely on farmers’ awareness, perceptions and responses to climate change. This study examined the perception of farmers in Mt Kenya region, Nyeri County-Kenya of climate change impacts on banana value chain and analysed the socio-economic factors that influenced these perceptions. The study sites were purposively selected to include areas where banana production had been practiced since the 1980s. Data was collected from a hundred and thirty farming households between February and April 2018. Results indicated that 78.2% of the respondents perceived increase in rainfall and temperature as what constituted climate change. The major perceived effects of climate change to be high transport cost of banana to the market, low prices during rainy season and high demand of the produce during dry season. Results of logit model analysis indicated that gender of household head, farming system, type of farming and access to weather information influenced farmers’ perception towards climate change. Even though majority (78.5%) of the farmers perceived climate change to have changed over the years, 47.7% recommended accessibility of weather information on onset of the rainfall period, while 49.2% preferred information on rainfall distribution within the seasons in order to respond to climate change occurrences. These findings show that there is need to integrate policies that safeguard the smallholder farmers from adverse effects of climate change.

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