Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management

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Author: search.filters.author.Ngugi, Charles C.

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    Different levels of probiotics affect growth, survival and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in low input ponds
    (Elsevier, 2019) Ngugi, Charles C.; Karisa, Harrison Charo; Jumbe, James; Opiyo, Mary A.
    A 7-month experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of probiotics (baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Bacillus subtilis) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in low input ponds. Monosex male fingerlings (40 g) were randomly distributed into 28, 1.25 m3 net cages at 50 fish m−3 and fed twice daily at 3% body weight on seven isonitrogenous (28% crude protein) diets supplemented with either Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1 × 1010 CFU g−1) or Bacillus subtilis (1 × 109 CFU g−1) at different levels: Diet 0 (control); Diet 1–3 were supplemented with S. cerevisiae at 2 g kg −1 (Diet 1); 4 g kg−1 (Diet 2) and 6 g kg −1 (Diet 3) whereas Diet 4–6 were supplemented with B. subtilis at 5 g kg−1 (Diet 4); 10 g kg−1 (Diet 5) and 15 g kg−1 (Diet 6). Higher final weight (255.31 ± 3.19), Specific Growth rates (SGR) (0.77±0.01) and better Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) (1.61 ± 0.02) were recorded in fish fed on Diet 2 followed by fish fed on Diet 5. Fish fed on probiotic- supplemented diets had significantly better growth, nutrient utilization and FCR compared to fish fed on the control diet (P < 0.05). Probiotic supplementation significantly affected the body composition of the fish (P < 0.05). S. cerevisiae led to significantly high protein (86.06%) at 4 g kg−1 (Diet 2) (P < 0.05) while B. subtilis led to significantly higher protein (89.40%) at 5 g kg−1 (Diet 4) (P < 0.05). Crude lipid and ash content were significantly lower in the fish fed on probiotic supplemented diets (P < 0.05) compared to the control. This study has demonstrated that the application of probiotics in diets of Nile tilapia in low input ponds promotes growth and enhances body composition. The two probiotics have got different effects depending on the level of application. S. cerevisiae exhibited the best performance at 4 g kg−1 while B. subtilis had the best performance at 10 g kg−1
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    Assessment of Growth Performance of Monosex Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) in Cages Using Low-Cost, Locally Produced Supplemental Feeds and Training Fish Farmers on Best Management Practices in Kenya
    (2018) Bundi, James M.; Ngugi, Charles C.; Fitzsimmons, Kevin; Manyala, Julius; Kimotho, Ann N.; Amadiva, Judith M.; Ndogoni, Julius N.; Munguti, Jonathan
    Changing technology in aquaculture has been the major driving force for increasing aquaculture production in the phase of dwindling open water stocks. The choice of technologies and their adoption still remain a focus to increase production, productivity and farm incomes. We assessed the growth of Nile tilapia using locally available materials that included cages and low cost feeds to increased tilapia production in ponds. Various interventions were used among them experimental trials where we formulated low cost diets replacing expensive fish meal. A series of four workshops were also conducted over the course of this project period under this intervention. The first workshop on the development and use of best management practices in aquaculture was held in August 2014. This workshop targeting women in aquaculture had 18 women in attendance. There were two subsequent workshops, held in March and August 2015, and attended by fish farmers from Kirinyaga County. The fourth workshop was held for two days between 2nd and 3rd October 2015. This workshop specifically targeted the youth in aquaculture aimed at training the youth on integrated cage and pond culture focusing on development of cage culture in reservoirs located in the county of Kirinyaga that are presently underutilized by the communities. Graduate support covered three female students who selected because of their previous linkage with AquaFish CRSP and excellent role they continue to play in development of aquaculture in this region. Among them two have submitted their theses for examination. We submitted five peer reviewed publications during this project period with two being specific on low cost feed and fish meal replacement. AquaFish provided funds for HCPIs and graduate students to attend National, Regional and WAS Meetings and Conferences as well. We note that farmers adopted feed technology very well and in their survey feed formulation and fish breeding were their priority. Under lesson learned, we noted that farmers required frequent visits, simple materials for reading and constant communication. They also require strategies on fish marketing such as use of cell phones applications and Aquashops.
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