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Item Access to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitary Facilities and Pupil Participation in Education in Public Primary Schools in Kenya: A Case of Gichugu Constituency, Kirinyaga County(African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 2019) Mwaruvie, John; Gachahi, W. Michael; Githaka, W. PriscahProvision of safe water for consumption and appropriate sanitation facilities have variously been advocated as critical forerunners to pupil participation in primary school education. However, these facilities are not consistently provided, that in various schools, water and cleanliness services are in dilapidated condition and thus expose pupils to obvious health risk and unsafe learning environments. This study investigated the access to clean water for drinking and sanitary facilities and pupil participation in education in public primary schools in Gichugu Constituency, Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to; assess the relationship between availability to safe drinking, establish the provision of sanitation facilities and pupil participation in public primary schools. The research design used in this study was the descriptive survey and the theory that guided it was the Social Constructionist of Sahlin. The target population covered 75 head teachers in public primary schools in Gichugu Constituency. Krecjie and Morgans formula was used in sample size determination which yielded a sample of 63 respondents and simple random sampling to select the study sample. A self-scoring questionnaire administered to the sampled respondents was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, namely frequencies and percentages were used in data analysis and was aided the computer software SPSS version 20. The findings were represented in form of frequency tables and narrations. The research revealed that most schools had hygienic and water for drinking available to the learners. The study also revealed that academic participation improved in schools where pupils had hygienic drinking water, while absence of clean water for drinking led to poor school. The study established that poor sanitation amenities led to occurrence of infections which affected learners’ participation in curricular activities. Lack of clean conveniences added to absenteeism and high occurrences of diseases among pupils in primary schools. In line with the findings, the study commends that the, National and County Governments and the local community should ensure that all public primary schools in Gichugu Constituency have been supplied with piped water in order to control infections that affect pupils’ attainment of education. Education stakeholders ought to underscore the provision of adequate sanitation facilities schools so as to advance pupils’ hygiene and participation in school.Item Akporhonor, B. A. & Olise, F. N. (2015). Librarians' Use of Social Media for Promoting Library and Information Resources and Services in University Libraries in South-South Nigeria. Information and Knowledge Management, 5(6). Retrieved from: http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/IKM/article/viewFile/23139/23651.bh. on 12/05/2021. Anbu, J. P. & Kataria, S. (2016). Reference on the Go: A Model for Mobile Reference Services in Libraries. 57(3). Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02763877.2015.1132181?af=R&journalCode= wref20 on 14/5/2021. Barnhart, F. D. & Pierce, J. E. (2011). Becoming mobile: Reference in the ubiquitous library. Journal of Library Administration, 51: 3, 279-290. Loyola eCommons, Loyola University Chicago. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.946.3710&rep=rep1&type=pdf. on 22/2/2021 Buigues-Garcı´a, M. & Gime´nez-Chornet, V. (2012). Impact of Web 2.0 on national libraries, International Journal of Information Management, 32(1), 3-10 Carscaddon, L. & Chapman, K. (2013). Twitter as a marketing tool for libraries. In Thomsett-Scott, B.C. (Ed.), Marketing with Social Media: A LITA Guide. Chicago: American Library Association. Chitumbo, E. M. M. & Chewe, P. (2015). Social media Tools for Library service delivery in higher learning institutions: Case of University of Zambia and National Institute of Public Administration Libraries. Research Journal of Library Sciences, 3(5), 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.isca.in/RJLS/Archive/v3/i5/1.ISCA-RJLS-2015-011.pdf on 14/5/2021. Chu, M. & Meulemans, Y. (2008). The problems and potential of MySpace and Facebook usage in academic libraries. Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 13(1), 69–85. Retrieved from www.informaworld.com on 20/5/2021. Chu, S. K. & Du, H. S. (2013). Social networking tools for academic libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 0 (0), 1-12. Chu, S. K. & Du, H. S. (2013). Social networking tools for academic libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 0 (0), 1-12. Dankowski, T. (2013). How libraries are using social media. Retrieved from http://www.americanlibrariesmagazine.org/article/how-libraries-are-using-social-media on 22/6/2021. Dickson, A. & Holley, R. P. (2010). Social networking in academic libraries: the possibilities and the concerns. New Library World, 111(11/12), 468–479. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074801011094840. Retrieved from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/03074801011094840 on 14/5/2021. Dickson, A. & Holley, R. P. (2010). Social networking in academic libraries: the possibilities and the concerns. New Library World, 111(11/12), 468–479. DOI: 18 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074801011094840. Retrieved from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/03074801011094840 on 14/5/2021 Dowd, N. (2013). Social Media: Libraries Are Posting, but Is Anyone Listening? Retrieved from http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2013/05/marketing/social-media-libraries-are-posting-but isanyone-listening/ on 22/6/2021. Du Toit, K. & Mulatiningsih, B. (2013) Social media for libraries. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/karendtoit/socialmedia-for-libraries-karen-du-toit-2692013 on 22/2/2018 Dudenhoffer, C. (2014). Pin it! Pinterest as a library marketing and information literacy tool. College and Research Libraries News, 73(6), 328-332. Egbukole, K. (2017). Adopting mobile technologies for social media based library services at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria. Mini-Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, The Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Ekoja, I. I. (2011). Modern ICT Tools: Online Electronic Resources Sharing using Web 2.0 and its implications for library and information practice in Nigeria. Samara Journal of Information Studies, 11(1&2), 53 –58. Ezeani, C. N. & Igwesi, U. (2012). Using social media for dynamic library services delivery: The Nigeria experience. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 814. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl/.edu/libphilprac/814 on 14/5/2021 Ezeani, C. N. (2010). Network literacy skills of academic librarians for effective services delivery: The case of the University of Nigeria, Library Systems. In the Proceedings of Second Professional Summit on Information Science and Technology (PSIST). Nsukka: Nnamdi Azikiwe Library U.N.N 56-66. Ezeani, C. N. (2011). Network literacy skills of academic librarians for effective services delivery: The case of University of Nigeria Library System. Library Philosophy and Practice. Retrieved from http://uidaho.edu/~mbolin/ezeani.htm on 11/06/2021. Fakas, M. (2007). Going where patrons are. American Libraries, 38(4), 27-32. Retrieved from http://www.itc.conversationnetworking on 20/5/2021. Gallardo, R. (2013). Social media for libraries: social media use. Retrieved from http://www.webjunction.org/events/webjunction/Library_Social_Media_Use.html on 22/2/2018. Gentry, L. (2014). Library pinterest examples. Retrieved from http://www.pinterest.com/lauramgentry/library-pinterest-examples/ on 20/5/2021. Gunelius, S. (2014). What is a blog? Retrieved from http://weblogs.about.com/od/startingablog/p/WhatIsABlog.htm Jain, N., Verma, R. & Tiwari, P. (2012). Going social: the impact of social networking in promoting education. International Journal of Computer Science, 9(1), 483-485. Kaplan, A. M. & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite: the challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68. 19 Kaplan, M & Blakley, J. (2009). ‘The business and culture of social media’ Retrieved http://www.learcenter.org/pdf/businessandcultureofsocialmedia.pdf on 20/5/2021. Kibugi, S. (2013). The use of social media in the dissemination of information in selected public and private university libraries in Kenya. Innovation, 47(1), 101-120. Leonard W. P. (1994). Libraries without walls: field service librarianship. Journal Academic Libraries, 20(1):29–30. Marion, A. & Omotayo, O. (2011). Development of a social networking site with a networked library and conference chat. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and information sciences, 2(8), 396 – 401. Retrieved from http://www.cisjournal.org on 11/6/2021 Megan Lotts and Stephanie Graves (2011). Using the iPad for reference services: Librarians go mobile. College and Research Libraries, 72(4). Retrieved from: http://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/8544/8876. 20/5/2021. Mohd, S. A. & Aditya, T. (2017). Use of WhatsApp for effective delivery of Library and Information Services. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 37(5), 360- 365, DOI: 10.14429/djlit.37.11090. Retrieved from: http://122.252.233.35/ojs/index.php/djlit/article/viewFile/11090/6013 on 20/5/2021. Moran, B. B. & Leonard, E. (2009). Academic librarianship. In: Encyclopaedia of Library and Information Sciences. 3rd ed. J. D. Mcdonald and M. Levine-Clark, Eds. New York: Taylor Francis. 1-10. Mundt, S. (2013). Evaluating the marketing success of libraries’ social media presences. Paper presented at the IFLA World Library and Information Congress, 17 - 23 August 2013, Singapore. Retrieved from http://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/196 on 20/5/2021. Nazim, S. H. M. (2015). Use of different information and communication technologies in Indian academic libraries. Library Review, 64 (1/2), 135-153. Peyala, V. (2011). Impact of using information technology in central university libraries in India” Results of a survey, program. Electronic Library and Information Systems, 45(3), 308- 322. Potter, N. (2013). Marketing academic libraries in a web 2 world. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/thewikiman/marketing-libraries-in-a-web-2-world on 20/5/2021. Ritholz, B. (2010). History of social media. Retrieved from: http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2010/12/history-of-social-media/ on 17/04/2021 RUSA (2017). Definitions of reference. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/rusa/guidelines/definitionsreference on 20/5/2021. Statt, N. (2016). WhatsApp has grown to 1 billion users. The Verge, Vox Media. Retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/2016/2/1/10889534/whats-app-1-billion-usersfacebook-mark zuckerberg on 5/6/2021. Szkolar, D. (2012). Pinterest: a new social media opportunity for libraries. Retrieved from http://infospace.ischool.syr.edu/2012/03/10/pinterest-a-new-social-media-opportunityfor libraries/ on 5/6/2021. Taylor & Francis Group (2014). Use of social media by the library: current practices and future opportunities. Retrieved from http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/access/white-paper socialmedia.pdf 20 Thanuskodi, S. (2011). WEB 2.0 Awareness among Library and Information Science Professionals of the Engineering Colleges in Chennai City: A Survey. Journal of Communication, 1(2), 69- 75. Valentine, M. & Oleniczak, E. (n. d.). New York Public library. Retrieved from http://www.pinterest.com/nypl/ on 5/6/2021. Walia, P. K. & Gupta, M. (2012) Application of web 2.0 tools by national libraries. Webology, 9(2). Retrieved from http://www.webology.org/2012/v9n2/a99.htm.l on 5/6/2021. Wan, G. G. (2011). How academic libraries reach users on Facebook. College and undergraduate libraries, 18(4), 307-318. Retrieved from: http://www.tandfonline.cim/loi/wcul20 on 3/7/2021 Witte, G. G. (2014). Content generation and social network interaction within academic library Facebook pages. Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, 26(2), 89-100. View publication stat(EANSO, 2023-07-08) Wanjugu, Milkah; Maitaria, Joseph Nyehita; Mwangi, Peter KinyanjuiMtunzi wa kazi ya kazi ya fasihi hususan riwaya na tamthilia, hutumia mbinu mahususi kuwasilishia matukio na mawazo yanavyoshuhudiwa katika jamii. Mbinu hizo huteuliwa na mtunzi kwa makusudi ili ujumbe unaokusudiwa kuwasilishwa na kueleweka kwa mwafaka na hadhira. Mbinu hizo ni zile zinazojibainisha katika kitengo cha tamathali za usemi. Katika utafiti huu, mbinu inayozingatiwa ni kinaya ambacho huwasilisha ujumbe kinyume na matarajio. Utafiti huu unatuonyesha matumizi ya kinaya katika riwaya ya Chozi la Heri (2017) ambayo imeandikwa na Matei na tamthilia ya Kigogo (2015) ambayo imeandikwa na Kea. Wanakejeli uhuru katika mataifa yaliyopata uhuru mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960 barani Afrika. Mataifa haya ni yale ambayo baada ya kupigania uhuru na kuunyakua kutoka kwa wakoloni, bado raia wanahisi kuwa wanaendelea kuwa katika hali ya kudhulumiwa na hali ya maisha kuwa magumu kutokana na uongozi usioafiki maono ya matarajio yao. Utafiti huu utabainisha jinsi watunzi wa riwaya na tamthilia teule yaani Assumpta Matei na Pauline Kea mtawalia walivyowasilisha kazi zao kwa kuzingatia mbinu ya kinaya katika kubainishia na kuukejeli uongozi katika bara la Afrika. Malengo ya utafiti huu yatakuwa, kufafanua matumizi ya kinaya katika riwaya ya Chozi la Heri na tamthilia ya Kigogo, kujadili jinsi waandishi wa riwaya ya Chozi la Heri na tamthilia ya Kigogo wametumia kinaya katika kuendeleza maudhui na kueleza jinsi mbinu ya kinaya ilivyotumiwa katika usawiri wa wahusika viongozi katika riwaya ya Chozi la Heri na tamthilia ya Kigogo. Utafiti huu utaongozwa na nadharia ya uhakiki wa mtindo na uchanganuzi wa data utaongozwa na mihimili ya nadharia hii kisha matokeo yatawasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo.Item Analysis of Challenges Facing ICT integration in Managing Public Secondary Schools: A Comparative Study of Day and Boarding Secondary Schools in the South Rift Region, Kenya(Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal, 2020-02) Njoka, Johannes Njagi; Githui, Perminus; Ndegwa, Lucy WanjiraThe uptake of information communication technology (ICT) by secondary schools is beset by a complex of challenges that are not clearly understood and documented. In order to facilitate effective and efficient implementation of digitalization in schools in Kenya, there is need to map out the diversity of challenges that bedevil its adoption. The purpose of this study was to analyze the challenges facing integration of information communication technology (ICT) in the operations of public day and boarding secondary schools from the south rift region of Kenya. The objectives of the study were to; assess the challenges facing ICT integration and compare the levels of ICT integration in boys, girls and coeducational secondary schools from the south rift region of Kenya. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The target population for the study comprised of all the 141 teachers from the public secondary schools in the south rift region of Kenya enrolled in the Strengthening of Mathematics and Science in Secondary Education (SMASSE) program. The study employed census sampling technique since the target population was small, easily accessible and manageable. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using the descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The study tested the hypothesis that there was no statistically significant difference in challenges facing integration of ICT in boys, girls and coeducational secondary schools from the south rift region of Kenya. To test this hypothesis the One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics was computed which yielded p-value = .000 which was less than the alpha value α > 0.05 indicating that the differences in challenges facing ICT integration in boys, girls and co-educational schools were statistically significant. Therefore the null hypothesis was rejected. This led to the conclusion that challenges facing ICT integration from the three categories of schools were significantly different. From the findings of the study, it is recommended that there is need strengthen in service training of teachers in ICT and perform widespread upgrade of ICT software since these were the most serious challenges that faced integration of ICT in schools.Item Analysis of Corruption Risky Areas in Public Secondary Schools in Nyandarua and Nakuru Counties in Kenya(American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR), 2020) Ngatia, Richard; Njoka, Johannes Njagi; Ndegwa, LucyCitizens and stakeholders in education continue to express great concerns regarding the escalating cases of academic dishonesty, misappropriation and misuse of resources in education in the world and Kenya in particular. Corruption activities manifest themselves in all areas of education especially in teaching and learning processes, academic dishonesty, and utilization of educational resources as well as in the development of policies.The purpose of this study was to analyse the corruption risky areas in public secondary schools in Nyandarua and Nakuru Counties in Kenya. Specifically the study sought to establish the corruption risky areas in public secondary schools and compare the levels of corruption in public secondary schools in Nakuru and Nyandarua counties in Kenya. The study tested the null hypothesis that there is no statistically significant difference in corruption risky areas in public secondary schools in Nyandarua and Nakuru Counties. The descriptive survey research design was used to guide the study. The target population for the study comprised all secondary school principals, heads of departments and bursars. The sample size was determined using the Cochran sampling formula which yielded a total of 321 respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to analyse data with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results of the study revealed thecorruption risky areas in public secondary schools as thecharging of extra levies, teachers missing lessons, unreported teachers absenteeism, falsification of information on student enrolment data and irregular procurement of goods and services. Hypothesis testing revealed that corruption risky areas in public secondary schools in Nakuru and Nyandarua Counties were largely similar, thus the null hypothesis (Ho1) was accepted. The study recommended the need to broaden the scope of school auditing to cover all areas of academic life as opposed to the current practice that only focuses majorly on financial management.Item Analysis of Semantic Fields in Gĩkũyũ Church Sermons in Nyeri County, Kenya(Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2018-08) Gitonga, Catherine N.; Gathigia, Moses G.; Nyarigoti, Naom M.The notion of semantic field is a structural model for lexical semantics which is attributed to Jost Trier in the Semantic Field Theory. The semantic field is an indispensable part of any language since without it information may not be conveyed appropriately. To find the best way to help people comprehend semantic fields, and especially the domain of church sermons, is an issue which requires research to crystallize. However, studies conducted on semantic fields and their implications on the comprehension of church sermons remains scanty. It is against this background that the study analyses the semantic fields in Gĩkũyũ church sermons in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive survey design and targeted live sermons delivered in 84 parishes of the Presbyterian Church of East Africa in Nyeri County, Kenya. Eight live sermons were purposively sampled. The data was collected through tape recording. A lexical semanticist was also interviewed. Content data analysis was used to analyse the semantic fields in Gĩkũyũ church sermons. Data is presented in tables in which Gĩkũyũ semantic fields used in the sermons are listed and their gloss provided. The semantic fields identified are subjected to further analyses based on the tangibility and non-tangibility criteria. The study found that semantic fields are elaborately utilized in Gĩkũyũ church sermons. Based on the semantic field analyses, the following implications for the study are noted: (i) there is merit of an extensive theoretical overview of semantic fields of church sermons (previously subject to cursory treatment), (ii) there are methodological consequences for the study of semantic fields addressing church sermons, (iii) the ability to use semantic fields correctly and appropriately is an important part of linguistic competence, and (iv) it is easier for vocabulary items that belong to the same semantic field to be understood since they will be able to form a pattern of interrelated words in a person’s mind. The study concludes that, inter alia, the broad semantic fields are based on the key issues addressed by the sermons, that is, challenges and sins, which are believed to be part and parcel of a Christian life. The study recommends that further research on semantic fields be conducted on other items of the church service like songs and prayers.Item An Analysis of Teacher Performance Appraisals and their Influence on Teacher Performance in Secondary Schools in Kenya(Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2018-07) Kagema, Josphat; Irungu, CeciliaEvery organization has an objective towards optimum performance and the employees are the key drivers in achieving that. It is necessary therefore that the employees’ performance reach optimality for the success of the organization which is a primary goal of every organization including learning institutions. The present research investigated the influence of teacher performance appraisals on teacher performance in secondary schools in Kenya. Employing stratified and simple random sampling methods, 46 secondary schools with 460 teachers in two counties in Kenya were taken as samples. The variables under research included teacher remuneration, government policies, school administration, the school environment, and the school curriculum, which were under investigation in form of comparisons, explanations, and relationships on the aspects of teacher motivation to perform well. The research found that teacher appraisals influenced teacher performance. In general, the teachers perceived that government policies are unfavorable to them in terms of career advancement and introduction of the policies in place. The paper concludes with recommendations on application of the appraisal system to motivate teachers and thereby improve the performance of learners. Keywords: Teacher Performance; Appraisals, Motivation; ManagementItem Application and Practice of Sustainable Procurement in Kenya(IJISET, 2015-12-12) Muraguri, Eunice Kagure; Waweru, Edward; Musyimi, Peter KinyaeSustainable procurement isn’t simply about being “green” but it’s also about; socially and ethically responsible purchasing, minimizing environmental impact through the supply chain,delivering economically sound solutions and good business practice. Sustainable procurement is rising on the policy agenda for many countries but knowledge remains limited. In Kenya, the government has put in place a wide range of policy, institutional and legislative to govern all business activities in a move towards green procurement. These include; Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) 1999, Kenya Solid Waste Management by laws of 2007, The Factories Act (Cap 514 of the Laws of Kenya), The Environmental Management and Co-ordination Regulations, 2006. However, with all these acts and legislations, adoption of green procurement has been slow resulting in lower diffusion rate in Kenya. This study therefore sought to establish the status of green procurement in Kenya while guided by the following objectives: To evaluate the steps made towards sustainable procurement in Kenya, to establish the advantages accrued to a firm which embraces sustainable procurement and to establish the challenges facing a firm which embraces sustainable procurement. The study relied on published secondary data from three sampled industries in Kenya and reports by bodies such as PPOA, CIPs and UNEP. Purposive / selective sampling design was employed in selecting the three industries under study. The study established that though the drive towards pollution prevention and minimization of environmental impacts at all stages of the product lifecycle from sourcing of raw materials, through manufacturing, transport, use and disposal has not been embraced by the sampled industries, there was evidence of allegations of irregular procurement at some companies, including non-adherence to environmental issues. Advantages associated with sustainable procurement included; minimizing risks, gaining market share and delivering better service provision. Challenges encountered were: employees resistant to change, the initial cost incurred, poor policy communication among othersItem Assessment of an Effective Pastoral Care Model for Helping Widows Overcome Grief in Ack Kirinyaga Diocese, Kenya(Journal of Arts & Humanities, 2019-04) Kathomi, Mbaabu Kellyjoy; Murage, Josiah Kinyua; Kiarie, GeorgeWidows go through emotional difficulties in the process of grief yet they constitute a large percent of the adult female population. Nevertheless, they continue to remain silent considering the inadequate well laid out mechanisms for emotional support by the church. This study assessed an effective Pastoral Care Model for helping widows overcome grief in the Anglican Church of Kenya, Kirinyaga diocese, Kenya. The objective of this study was to assess a Pastoral Care Model that can be theologically incorporated in widows’ ministry. This study was guided by Kubler- Ross model of grief care. This study was restricted to 358 widows and 70 clergy in Kirinyaga diocese. The findings of this study were that; widows experienced stages of grief in a non-linear progression; emotional support was arguably neglected to some extent; clergy enrolling in a teaching module would assist them in widow’s ministry and; three variables were significant in predicting the most effective Pastoral Care Model. In this article it is therefore proposed that a Pastoral Care Model which is theological and contextual to African setting should be taught to all care givers so as to effectively deal with the issue of death and grief among the widows.Item Assessment of Decision Making Skills among Adolescents from Rural and Urban Contexts in Kenya: A Comparative Study of Learners in Public Secondary Schools in Nyeri and Nairobi Counties(African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 2018) Perminus, Githui; Njoka, N. Johannes; Mwenje, MargaretHuman beings are confronted by situations that require them to make decisions every day in their lives. The natural processes of adjustment to situations in life that human beings are part of demands acts of decision making. Decision making is hence a natural consequence of existence by human beings. The purpose of this study was to assess the decision making skills among adolescents from rural contexts and those from urban environments. The study was guided by the following objectives which was to; assess the status of decision making skills among adolescents from rural and urban contexts in Kenya, evaluate the variables that influence adolescents during decision making processes from rural and urban environments in Kenya and analyze the challenges that face adolescents while making decisions from rural and urban contexts in Kenya. Descriptive research design was used in this study. Social cognitive theory developed by Bandura guided the study. The target population comprised of adolescents selected from schools from Nyeri and Nairobi Counties. A sample of schools from the two counties was selected using Kothari’s sampling formula which gave 30 (10%) schools from both counties. The sampled schools were as follows; 2 boys’ schools from each county, 3 and 2 girls’, 4 and 17 co-educational schools from Nyeri and Nairobi Counties respectively. Data was collected using a questionnaire administered to the sampled adolescents. The study used a sampling formula by Kathuri and Pals to determine the sample size which yielded 391 respondents. Analyzed data revealed that adolescents from urban areas had relatively better decision making skills compared to their counterparts from rural environments. The first hypothesis stated that there was no statistically significant difference in decision making abilities among adolescents from rural and urban contexts. To test this hypothesis, t-test was calculated which gave a level of significance .000 which was less than the pvalue (.05). Therefore the null hypothesis was rejected. It was concluded that the decision making skills among adolescents from rural and urban contexts was dissimilar. The second research hypothesis sought to establish whether there was any statistically significant difference in decision making skills between gender from rural and urban contexts. The results of data analysis presented revealed that the level of significance .163 was more than the p-value (.05). Therefore the null hypothesis was accepted. It was concluded that there was no statistically significant difference in decision making skills among male and female adolescents. The study recommended that there is need to strengthen the process of nurturing decision making skills among adolescents in secondary schools in Kenya.Item Assessment of Student Leaders’ Performance of Functions in Managing Student Affairs in Selected Public Universities in Kenya(Kenya Journal Of Educational Planning, Economics & Management, 2017) Murage, Lucy Muthoni; Njoka, Johannes; Gachahi, MichealThe Universities Act, 2012 outlines the responsibilities of student leaders in the provision of student services in universities in Kenya. Despite the universities having student leaders to oversee and plan the welfare of students, there are still regular complaints over the unsatisfactory students’ services provision causing students’ protests. The study sought to assess how student leaders performed their functions for effective management of student affairs. Descriptive survey research design was adopted and stratified random sampling was used to select student leaders. Data collection instruments were questionnaires. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results from the study revealed low performance as 52.4% of student leaders did not effectively execute their leadership mandate in managing student affairs and only 47.6% effectively performed their functions. This means that to a greater extent, student leaders are ineffective in management of student affairs. The low performance might have contributed to the constant conflicts between the students and university management in the recent past over the management of student affairs. The study recommends that student leaders should take their leadership responsibility more aggressively by being proactive in organizing welfare activities that address students’ concerns.Item Assessment of Student Leaders’ Skills Critical in Managing Student Affairs in Public Universities in Kenya(Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD, 2018) Murage, Lucy Muthoni; Njoka, Johannes Njagi; Gachahi, Michael WambuguThe need to prevent eruption of unrests among students in universities continues to exercise the minds of higher education managers and policy makers in the world. Innovative approaches in the management of higher education designed to preclude students’ riots continue to face immense challenges and ineffectiveness in universities in Kenya. One of the widely adopted approaches is that of involving democratically elected student leaders in the management of students’ affairs in universities in Kenya. Despite the involvement of student leaders in the management of students’ affairs in public universities, students’ protests and riots continue to characterize higher education in Kenya. Consequently, there is need to examine the leadership skills that student leaders are expected to possess in order to perform their functions effectively so as to avert upsurge of strikes. This study sought to assess the student leaders’ skills that are critical in managing student affairs in selected public universities in Kenya. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. Stratified random sampling was used to select student leaders from four public universities. The sample comprised 19 members of student governing councils, 50 class representatives and 79 clubs and society leaders, making a total of 142 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that 66.3% of student leaders had leadership competence to organize welfare activities to address students’ concerns in their institutions while 33.7% lacked capability. Further, the study established that leadership skills significantly contributed to effective provision of student affairs services. It is concluded that institutions of higher learning have not fully empowered student leaders to effectively perform their leadership tasks. The study recommends that student leaders should be exposed to regular leadership trainings during their tenure designed to equip them with necessary leadership competencies which would promote their effectiveness in enhancing university stability, peace and mutually accepted governance.Item Assessment of the Contribution of Various Family Structures on Juvenile Delinquency in Embu County, Kenya(2023-08) Miruka, Florence Gesare; Thuku, Pauline; Osamba, JoshiaJuvenile delinquency has been on the increase all over the world. Research has established a positive correlation between juvenile delinquency and family violence. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between the various family types and juvenile delinquency in Kenya, hence the need for this study. A descriptive survey research design that employed quantitative techniques was utilized. The target population was 360 juvenile delinquents in Embu County. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s Table for Determining Sample Size from a Given Population, a sample size of 176 respondents was arrived at. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. A questionnaire with both open and closed ended questions was utilized in data collection. Cronbach’s Alpha measured the instrument's reliability. A reliability coefficient of 0.805 was achieved indicating that the instrument was reliable. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Data was described using frequencies and percentages. ANOVA was conducted in hypothesis testing and found a significant relationship between family structure and juvenile delinquency. The type of family in which a child was born and bred determines so much whom he becomes in adulthood. Most juvenile delinquents grew up in dysfunctional families characterized by violence, lacking role models from whom the children were to emulate. This study recommends the formulation of parental education programmes to sensitize parents on the role of family in addressing juvenile delinquency. Family being the smallest unit from whence community sprung, there is need to strengthen families of whatever type.Item Assessment of the Effectiveness of Programs put in place to Control Students’ Absenteeism in Public Day Secondary Schools in Kirinyaga County, Kenya(African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 2018) Leah, Gitonga M.; Johannes, Njoka N.; Ndegwa, LucyThis paper assessed the effectiveness of programs put in place to curb absenteeism by learners in public day secondary schools in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population included 79 principals and 317 teachers in public secondary schools in Kirinyaga County. The researcher employed the Gay formula of 20 per cent to select a sample of 16 principals and 63 teachers. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire administered to the sampled principals and teachers. Content validity of the instrument was ascertained by expert opinion, while reliability was assessed by Cronbach coefficient alpha technique which yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.71 for the instrument. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.0. Data analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.0 revealed that in majority of schools affordable school levies, bursaries and spot checks and roll calls were effective in reduction of students’ absenteeism. However, the study further established that guidance and counseling was not an effective intervention in addressing learner absenteeism in public day secondary schools. On the basis of the findings of this study, it is recommended that schools adhere to the fees guidelines as stipulated by the ministry of education, education stakeholders should enhance the provision of bursaries to needy students and that teachers consistently mark class registers to capture students attendance to all instructional sessions in every school day. Lastly, there is need to enhance guidance and counseling programmmes in order to make them effective in addressing absenteeism among learners.Item Augmenting proletariat governance: lenses on chapter eleven of the constitution of Kenya, 2010(Elixir, 2012-06) Mwenzwa, EzekielSince independence, the governance of development in Kenya has for the most part been centralised under the armpit of government officials. As such devolution is vaguely understood especially by grassroots leaders and communities. Consequently, central government officials have continued to determine the path of development at the grassroots especially so since they also control financial resources through the district treasury. However, the government has recognized this top-down development archetype as a major bottleneck to welfare and has been implementing policies to bring on board the beneficiaries. One major attempt was the District Focus for Rural Development Strategy of the early 1980s, which made the district the local level planning and development coordination and implementation unit. This policy faced several challenges which necessitated more focused strategies to move decision-making powers from the center to margin. The early years of the 21st century marked increased resource devolution and decentralized decision-making to the grassroots including Constituencies Development Fund, recruitment of some cadre of staff, management of health facilities and water resources among others. The Constitution of Kenya endorsed by about 70% of votes cast during the August 4th 2010 Referendum and subsequently promulgated by the president on August 27th 2010 is yet another devolution stab to enhance development and governance at the grassroots. This paper highlights the devolution proposals and the envisaged benefits to grassroots communities in Chapter Eleven of the Constitution of Kenya.Item Awareness and practice of servant leadership style through service in central Kenya conference secondary schools(SAVAP International, 2016-12) Mulongo, Meshack AmbaniItem Can Schools Make Our Society More Cohesive? A Case of Public Secondary Schools in Embu and Nairobi Counties, Kenya(2023) Njoka, Johannes Njagi; Githui, PerminusCohesion’ is a growing concern for policy makers and society and this raises questions for the role of schools. This mini-report asks how, and whether, schools should respond. We draw on academic and policy research, think-pieces and perspectives from the LKMco Big Debate 2016 ‘Can Schools Make Societies More Cohesive?’ and ask: 1. What is social cohesion? 2. What influences levels of social cohesion? 3. What are schools currently doing to improve social cohesion? 4. How can schools make society more cohesive? 5. What stands in the way of schools doing more? 6. What barriers do schools face in doing more?Item A Categorization Strategy for Objects Metaphors in Ekegusii Pop Songs(Refaad, 2019) Ntabo, Victor OndaraThe principle of Great Chain of Being Metaphor (GCBM) is normally resourceful in the analysis of metaphors. This is because the GCBM assigns a place for any phenomenon in the universe in a strict hierarchical system thus helping in understanding one thing based on another. For example, the objects chain is the second last level which is very useful in conceptualizing objects metaphors in society. Composers of Ekegusii pop songs (EPS) employ objects metaphors which refer to concreteness and abstractness to communicate their message in a subjective manner. However, the GCBM does not effectively account for concreteness and abstractness in objects metaphor analysis. The paper, therefore, devises a categorization strategy to aid in the analysis of the metaphors in EPS. Using a qualitative research design, the study identifies, classifies and interprets the metaphors in the selected EPS using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU). Obwanchani (Love) EPS by Ontiri Bikundo was purposively sampled for the study based on its richness in metaphors and popularity in FM stations in Kenya. The research found that the objects metaphors are source domains in the construction of metaphors related to human beings in EPS. The paper concludes that metaphors are crucial ways of communication and should be analyzed using a Cognitive Linguistics approach. The study recommends that language researchers should adopt a categorization strategy to effectively analyze the objects metaphors.Item Challenges faced by grandparents in managing emotional and behavior problems of orphans in the era of hiv/aids(IJSSE, 2013) Kinyua, Joyce NjeriItem Challenges Faced by Student Leaders in Managing Student Affairs in Public Universities in Kenya(International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies, 2019-01) Murage, Lucy Muthoni; Njoka, Johannes; Gachahi, MichaelEffective management of student affairs in public universities continue to pose a major challenge to university administrators and student leaders in many parts of the world including Kenya. Public universities are perpetually ravaged by rampant incidences of student unrests and strikes yet innovative approaches meant to curb such incidences have been adopted that involved student leaders in governance of institutions of higher learning. The effectiveness of these innovative approaches in university governance is not clearly documented. The rationale of the study was to analyse the challenges faced by student leaders in managing student affairs in public universities in Kenya. The study employed descriptive survey research design. Stratified random sampling was used to select student leaders from public universities in Kenya. The sample size comprised of 19 members of student governing councils, 50 class representatives and 73 clubs and society leaders, making a total of 142 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires. Analysed data revealed that 50.4% of the student leaders experienced challenges while executing their functions. The major challenges included conflict between academic pursuits and leadership roles, lack of teamwork among student leaders and students’ ignorance of university policies and statutes. The study further established a strong and statistically significant relationship between the challenges faced by student leaders and effective student affairs services in public universities at 0.05 levels of significant with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.789. The study concluded that challenges experienced by student leaders may impede effective discharge of their duties and may result in poor service delivery leading to incidences of riots. The study recommends that student leaders should be assisted to solve internal problems that may affect the effective discharge of their duties as a way of addressing unrests in public universities.Item Challenges Facing Corruption Prevention Activities in Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru and Nyandarua Counties Kenya(International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019-09) Ngatia, Richard; Njoka, Johannes Njagi; Ndegwa, LucyThis study sought to examine the challenges facing corruption prevention activities in public secondary schools in Nakuru and Nyandarua counties Kenya.The study was informed by the Lucifer Effect Theory. The study used the correlational research design. The target population comprised of 420 principals, 840 heads of departments, 420 bursars in public secondary schools, two county directors of education and six school auditors making a total of 1688 school respondents. The study employed the formula of Cochran to get a sample of 313 respondents while the two county directors of education and six school auditors were purposively sampled, to give a sample size of 322 respondents. Data wascollected using the questionnaire constructed on a five point Likert scale. The research instruments were Pilot tested.Data was analysed using both the descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.The study established that there was no significance difference between the challenges facing principals’ in the prevention of corruption in Nyandarua and Nakuru Counties.