School of Education and Social sciences
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Item Influence of Principals’ Collaborative Practices on Students’ Performance in Secondary Schools in Murang’a and Kirinyaga Counties, Kenya(Journal of Education, 2019-11) Irungu, Cecilia; Kagema, Josphat; Gachahi, MichaelDespite the fact that Kenyan children have more opportunities to attend school, there still remains large gaps in learning outcomes. This stagnation in learning is confirmed by results of national examinations including Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE). According to KCSE examinations results analysis, performance in secondary schools in different parts of Kenya is still below expectations and this trend is worrying. The number of students in Murang’a and Kirinyaga Counties who have continuously scored grade D+ and below every year have consistently remained high compared to those attaining university minimum admission grade of C+ and above. This low performance has persisted despite most schools having adequate and well trained teachers as well as adequate facilities. This study examined the influence of principals’ collaborative practices on students’ performance in Murang’a and Kirinyaga Counties, Kenya. The study involved a sample of 205 principals and 367 teachers selected from 436 secondary schools in the two counties. The researchers used validated questionnaires and interview schedules to collect data from teachers and principals respectively. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that principals’ promotion of collaborative practices was higher in Kirinyaga than in Murang’a County. It was noted that secondary schools in Kirinyaga County post better results in KCSE than those in Murang’a County and the study concluded that collaborative practices enhanced academic performance. This study recommended that principals should promote collaborative practices in their schools. This can be done through engaging stakeholders in networking and linkages that promote collaboration and can lead to better academic performance.Item Principals’ Supervision of Teaching and its Influence on Promoting Learners’ Performance(Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2019-07-07) Irungu, Cecilia; Kagema, Josphat; Gachahi, MichaelThe roles of school principals have been focal in ensuring and promoting the performance of students in their schools, achieving and sustaining quality education. This has been influenced by the paradigm shifts and global trends to ensure that the quality agenda as espoused in various international and national policies such as Sustainable Educational Goals. A cardinal role is ensuring on teacher supervision in curriculum implementation in their schools. The design of principals’ transformational leadership practices is evidenced to contribute in increased learners’ performance in national examinations as well as fostering transformative school environment. Instructional Leadership is significant in fostering teachers’ instructional practices and subsequently students’ learning and achievement. The aim of this study was to examine the role of principals in the supervision of teaching and its influence on promoting learners’ performance. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design with a target population of 436 principals and 8,049 teachers from secondary schools in Murang’a and Kirinyaga Counties of Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to select 205 principals while 367 teachers were selected using stratified and then simple random sampling methods. The researcher used open and closed-ended questionnaires to collect quantitative data from the teachers and semi-structured interview schedules to gather qualitative data from principals. A pilot study of the instruments was conducted in two schools in Kiambu County of Kenya and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient with a threshold of 0.7 was used to determine the internal consistency of the items. The instruments yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.962, hence were considered reliable. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Hypotheses were tested at p>0.5 level of significance using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test determined whether or not the means were statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether the principals’ instructional leadership practice is a predictor of learners’ performance. The findings of the study were that the level of supervision of teaching was moderate and therefore had significant impact on learners’ performance. The study recommended that there is need for supervision of teaching. The research findings are of significance to principals in designing instructional strategies to improve learners’ performance and to policy makers in the education sector in designing policies that can support effective instructional leadership practices in schools.Item Evaluating Principals’ Role in Curriculum Supervision through Effective Transformative Leadership(Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2019-04) Kagema, JosphatThis paper makes a critical examination of the role of school principals and managers in enhancing curriculum supervision and reinforcing prudent teaching practices. This is through a plethora of activities such as analyzing teacher’s performance, providing meaningful feedback, enhancing collegial approaches in the school and developing instructional strategies that will help to achieve the curriculum goals. The administrators and school management also need to provide the instructional resources required to achieve the learning outcomes. It therefore calls for collaborative efforts between the school and the community within. A focus therefore is made on the nature of leadership that can drive to broadly achieve the overall school’s goals. Effective leadership has been examined by scholars and the concurrence is that there are appendages to it ranging from instructional leadership, transformative leadership, moral leadership, participative, contingency and managerial. A school principal need to blend the six approaches so that they are geared to learner’s achievement, work ethics and values, democratic ideals and social justice. Finally, the paper looks at the emerging concepts and trends in school supervision and how they have shaped the delivery of curriculum goals and directions of schools. It proposes on the direction that educational policy makers should adopt in view of making bringing success to school leadership for effective curriculum delivery.Item An Analysis of Teacher Performance Appraisals and their Influence on Teacher Performance in Secondary Schools in Kenya(Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2018-07) Kagema, Josphat; Irungu, CeciliaEvery organization has an objective towards optimum performance and the employees are the key drivers in achieving that. It is necessary therefore that the employees’ performance reach optimality for the success of the organization which is a primary goal of every organization including learning institutions. The present research investigated the influence of teacher performance appraisals on teacher performance in secondary schools in Kenya. Employing stratified and simple random sampling methods, 46 secondary schools with 460 teachers in two counties in Kenya were taken as samples. The variables under research included teacher remuneration, government policies, school administration, the school environment, and the school curriculum, which were under investigation in form of comparisons, explanations, and relationships on the aspects of teacher motivation to perform well. The research found that teacher appraisals influenced teacher performance. In general, the teachers perceived that government policies are unfavorable to them in terms of career advancement and introduction of the policies in place. The paper concludes with recommendations on application of the appraisal system to motivate teachers and thereby improve the performance of learners. Keywords: Teacher Performance; Appraisals, Motivation; ManagementItem Evaluating Principals’ Role in Curriculum Supervision through Effective Transformative Leadership(Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2019-04-23) Kagema, JosphatThis paper makes a critical examination of the role of school principals and managers in enhancing curriculum supervision and reinforcing prudent teaching practices. This is through a plethora of activities such as analyzing teacher’s performance, providing meaningful feedback, enhancing collegial approaches in the school and developing instructional strategies that will help to achieve the curriculum goals. The administrators and school management also need to provide the instructional resources required to achieve the learning outcomes. It therefore calls for collaborative efforts between the school and the community within. A focus therefore is made on the nature of leadership that can drive to broadly achieve the overall school’s goals. Effective leadership has been examined by scholars and the concurrence is that there are appendages to it ranging from instructional leadership, transformative leadership, moral leadership, participative, contingency and managerial. A school principal need to blend the six approaches so that they are geared to learner’s achievement, work ethics and values, democratic ideals and social justice. Finally, the paper looks at the emerging concepts and trends in school supervision and how they have shaped the delivery of curriculum goals and directions of schools. It proposes on the direction that educational policy makers should adopt in view of making bringing success to school leadership for effective curriculum delivery.Item The School Curriculum and Its’ Influence on Teacher Motivation in Curriculum Implementation in Kenya(Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 2018-07) Kagema, JosphatA review of empirical studies on teacher motivation indicates decreasing levels of motivation among secondary school teachers ultimately leading to minimal achievements of the projected Kenya’s Vision 2030. This study examined the school curriculum as a determinant of secondary school teacher motivation in Kenya in curriculum implementation. The research adopted a survey study design, adopting mixed methods research approach with an aim of fortifying and converging both quantitative and qualitative data. The respondents were sampled from 46 secondary schools located in Nyeri and Kirinyaga counties of Kenya. The findings of this study inform curriculum planners, education leadership and policy makers on the school curriculum as a core determinant of teacher motivation in secondary schools that influence curriculum implementation in Kenya.