School of Education and Social sciences
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Item Retelling the Mau Mau Past from the Mbeere Perspective(Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 2022) Mwaruvie, John; Otieno, Joshia, Osamba,; Kanyingi, BensonThis article analyzes the contested historical narrative behind the Mbeere’s role in the Mau Mau movement. Specifically, it explores the role of memorialization and marginalization in reconfiguring this past. With respect to the latter, the Mbeere were ostracized from the Mau Mau movement after the Kenyan Parliament, headed by Dedan Kimathi, sought to consolidate support by encouraging local officials to lobby bordering ethnic groups. As a result, the Mbeere, who were suspected to be pro-government and anti-Mau Mau, faced brutal reprisals from the Kikuyu and the Embu, key players in the movement. Although the physical violence may have ended, the symbolic violence of denial and ostracism persists as the Mau Mau movement’s memory is popularized and commodified through the British government’s acknowledgement of their abuse against Kenyans in the Mau Mau struggle. The dominant history of the Mau Mau rebellion is harrowing for the Mbeere Mau Mau veterans, who in fact existed and fought tenaciously against the British but were subsequently omitted from these narratives. This article draws on oral testimonies and archival sources to explore this history and potential avenues for official recognition and memorializationItem Access to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitary Facilities and Pupil Participation in Education in Public Primary Schools in Kenya: A Case of Gichugu Constituency, Kirinyaga County(African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 2019) Mwaruvie, John; Gachahi, W. Michael; Githaka, W. PriscahProvision of safe water for consumption and appropriate sanitation facilities have variously been advocated as critical forerunners to pupil participation in primary school education. However, these facilities are not consistently provided, that in various schools, water and cleanliness services are in dilapidated condition and thus expose pupils to obvious health risk and unsafe learning environments. This study investigated the access to clean water for drinking and sanitary facilities and pupil participation in education in public primary schools in Gichugu Constituency, Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to; assess the relationship between availability to safe drinking, establish the provision of sanitation facilities and pupil participation in public primary schools. The research design used in this study was the descriptive survey and the theory that guided it was the Social Constructionist of Sahlin. The target population covered 75 head teachers in public primary schools in Gichugu Constituency. Krecjie and Morgans formula was used in sample size determination which yielded a sample of 63 respondents and simple random sampling to select the study sample. A self-scoring questionnaire administered to the sampled respondents was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, namely frequencies and percentages were used in data analysis and was aided the computer software SPSS version 20. The findings were represented in form of frequency tables and narrations. The research revealed that most schools had hygienic and water for drinking available to the learners. The study also revealed that academic participation improved in schools where pupils had hygienic drinking water, while absence of clean water for drinking led to poor school. The study established that poor sanitation amenities led to occurrence of infections which affected learners’ participation in curricular activities. Lack of clean conveniences added to absenteeism and high occurrences of diseases among pupils in primary schools. In line with the findings, the study commends that the, National and County Governments and the local community should ensure that all public primary schools in Gichugu Constituency have been supplied with piped water in order to control infections that affect pupils’ attainment of education. Education stakeholders ought to underscore the provision of adequate sanitation facilities schools so as to advance pupils’ hygiene and participation in school.Item Effect of School Feeding Programme on ECDE Pupils’ Class Participation in Kenya(Pedagogical Research, 2019-03) Karaba, Mary Wanjiku; Gitumu, Margaret; Mwaruvie, JohnWorld Food Programme (WFP) and the Kenyan Ministry of Education introduced school feeding programme in targeted pre-primary and primary schools in 1980. However, its effects in promoting pupils’ class participation in early childhood are not clear. The objective of the study was to assess the pupils’ class participation in ECDE centres with a school feeding programme and those without. The study also sought to test out the following null hypothesis (Ho1): There is no statistically significant difference in class participation of pupils in ECDE centres with feeding programme and those without. The study used descriptive survey research design. The total number of pupils was 54,629 from 1163 centres. Twenty centres were purposively selected based on high population. 380 pupils were sampled using Krejcie and Morgan’s table (1970). Twenty headteachers, 20 teachers and two county directors were sampled. This study was theoretically guided by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Data was collected by means of an interview schedule, questionnaires and an observation schedule. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics by using SPSS. The Major finding is that pupils in ECDE centres with SFP participate more than those in schools without SFP. The study recommends that SFP be implemented in all schools.Item Influence Of Social Amenities On Academic Performance In Primary Schools In Gichugu Constituency, Kenya(International Journal for Social Studies, 2017-09) Wanjiku, Githaka Priscah; Gachahi, Michael W.; Mwaruvie, JohnSocial amenities are important to primary schools as they endeavour to provide quality education. Social amenities in schools include play materials and sanitation but in majority of the schools, little attention is directed towards the influence of social amenities on academic excellence of learners. This study was to assess the influence of social amenities on academic performance in primary schools in Gichugu Constituency, Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: to establish the status of social amenities in primary schools; to examine how play amenities affected academic performance of learners in primary schools; to establish how sanitation amenities influences pupils’ performance in primary schools and assess the challenges faced by primary schools in provision of social amenities to learners. This study was guided by Social Constructionist. The target population consisted of 75 primary school head teachers. Kathuri and Pals Table for Sample Size Determination was used to arrive at a sample size of 63 school heads teachers who were randomly selected from the target population. The research instruments used in data collection were the questionnaires and an observation guide. A pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the instruments. Data was analysed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20) to generate charts, frequency tables, means and standard deviations. The study found out that majority of the head teachers agreed with the statement that their school children had access to clean and safe drinking water although there were some schools that used water from the rivers and streams near the schools. The study also found out that majority of the schools had access adequate sanitation amenities for their pupils. The study found out that social play materials play an integral part in assisting children to develop communication,persistence and other social skills. It was noted that sanitation amenities were not adequate for learners and these facilities did not cater for learners with physical disabilities. The study concluded that lack of sanitation amenities such as piped water and good toilets led to occurrence of diseases such as typhoid, cholera and other highly contagious diseases which affect learners’ access to education due to high absenteeism rates. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education and other education stakeholders should emphasis the role of social amenities in primary schools in order to improve learners’ motivation and overall academic performance of all schools in Kenya.Item The Chief Mau Mau Propagandist: Experiences that Prompted Gakaara wa Wanjau into Anti-Colonial Literary Activism(International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 2017) Wairimu, Lucy Waithanwa; Mwaruvie, John; Maina, Lucy MuthoniThis article examines the personal experiences of Gakaara wa Wanjau that influenced his political literary activism during the colonial period. The paper is informed by Relative Deprivation Theory. It demonstrates that Gakaara wa Wanjau was “The Chief Mau Mau Propagandist” as the British colonial authorities termed him. The paper opines that literary activism was crucial to the struggle for the attainment of the independence of Kenya. His literary works and collection of songs shaped the political consciousness of the Mau Mau fighters. The study concludes that he was a unique literary political activist who was able to take advantage of his contemporary issues to try to decolonize the African mind. Material for the article is derived from existing works, archival research and oral interviews. The study contributes to the enriching of the Mau Mau historiography in KenyaItem Influence of School Policies on Students’ Participation in Curricular Activities: a Case of Public Secondary Schools in Aberdare Central Region, Kenya(International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences, 2017) Muthike, Winfred Ndunguri; Mwaruvie, John; Mbugua, Zakariah K.School policies influence students’ participation in co-curricular activities in secondary schools since, there is a statistically significant relationship between school policies and student participation in co-curricular activities. Data analyzed showed a strong, positive correlation between the two variables which gave a high correlation of 0.803. High levels of support by the school administration were associated with high levels of student participation in curricular activities. It is therefore concluded that there is need to strengthen support of co-curricular activities by the school administration which will result in an increase in students’ participation in co-curricular activities. The descriptive survey research design was used. The target population comprised of 35,426 subjects and a sample size of 365 participants.Item The Chief Mau Mau Propagandist: Experiences that Prompted Gakaara wa Wanjau into Anti-Colonial Literary Activism(2017-04) Maina, Lucy Muthoni; Mwaruvie, John; Waithanwa, Lucy WairimuThis article examines the personal experiences of Gakaara wa Wanjau that influenced his political literary activism during the colonial period. The paper is informed by Relative Deprivation Theory. It demonstrates that Gakaara wa Wanjau was “The Chief Mau Mau Propagandist” as the British colonial authorities termed him. The paper opines that literary activism was crucial to the struggle for the attainment of the independence of Kenya. His literary works and collection of songs shaped the political consciousness of the Mau Mau fighters. The study concludes that he was a unique literary political activist who was able to take advantage of his contemporary issues to try to decolonize the African mind. Material for the article is derived from existing works, archival research and oral interviews. The study contributes to the enriching of the Mau Mau historiography in Kenya