Department of Humanities and Languages
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Item Akporhonor, B. A. & Olise, F. N. (2015). Librarians' Use of Social Media for Promoting Library and Information Resources and Services in University Libraries in South-South Nigeria. Information and Knowledge Management, 5(6). Retrieved from: http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/IKM/article/viewFile/23139/23651.bh. on 12/05/2021. Anbu, J. P. & Kataria, S. (2016). Reference on the Go: A Model for Mobile Reference Services in Libraries. 57(3). Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02763877.2015.1132181?af=R&journalCode= wref20 on 14/5/2021. Barnhart, F. D. & Pierce, J. E. (2011). Becoming mobile: Reference in the ubiquitous library. Journal of Library Administration, 51: 3, 279-290. Loyola eCommons, Loyola University Chicago. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.946.3710&rep=rep1&type=pdf. on 22/2/2021 Buigues-Garcı´a, M. & Gime´nez-Chornet, V. (2012). Impact of Web 2.0 on national libraries, International Journal of Information Management, 32(1), 3-10 Carscaddon, L. & Chapman, K. (2013). Twitter as a marketing tool for libraries. In Thomsett-Scott, B.C. (Ed.), Marketing with Social Media: A LITA Guide. Chicago: American Library Association. Chitumbo, E. M. M. & Chewe, P. (2015). Social media Tools for Library service delivery in higher learning institutions: Case of University of Zambia and National Institute of Public Administration Libraries. Research Journal of Library Sciences, 3(5), 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.isca.in/RJLS/Archive/v3/i5/1.ISCA-RJLS-2015-011.pdf on 14/5/2021. Chu, M. & Meulemans, Y. (2008). The problems and potential of MySpace and Facebook usage in academic libraries. Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 13(1), 69–85. Retrieved from www.informaworld.com on 20/5/2021. Chu, S. K. & Du, H. S. (2013). Social networking tools for academic libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 0 (0), 1-12. Chu, S. K. & Du, H. S. (2013). Social networking tools for academic libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 0 (0), 1-12. Dankowski, T. (2013). How libraries are using social media. Retrieved from http://www.americanlibrariesmagazine.org/article/how-libraries-are-using-social-media on 22/6/2021. Dickson, A. & Holley, R. P. (2010). Social networking in academic libraries: the possibilities and the concerns. New Library World, 111(11/12), 468–479. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074801011094840. Retrieved from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/03074801011094840 on 14/5/2021. Dickson, A. & Holley, R. P. (2010). Social networking in academic libraries: the possibilities and the concerns. New Library World, 111(11/12), 468–479. DOI: 18 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074801011094840. Retrieved from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/03074801011094840 on 14/5/2021 Dowd, N. (2013). Social Media: Libraries Are Posting, but Is Anyone Listening? Retrieved from http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2013/05/marketing/social-media-libraries-are-posting-but isanyone-listening/ on 22/6/2021. Du Toit, K. & Mulatiningsih, B. (2013) Social media for libraries. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/karendtoit/socialmedia-for-libraries-karen-du-toit-2692013 on 22/2/2018 Dudenhoffer, C. (2014). Pin it! Pinterest as a library marketing and information literacy tool. College and Research Libraries News, 73(6), 328-332. Egbukole, K. (2017). Adopting mobile technologies for social media based library services at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria. Mini-Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, The Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Ekoja, I. I. (2011). Modern ICT Tools: Online Electronic Resources Sharing using Web 2.0 and its implications for library and information practice in Nigeria. Samara Journal of Information Studies, 11(1&2), 53 –58. Ezeani, C. N. & Igwesi, U. (2012). Using social media for dynamic library services delivery: The Nigeria experience. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 814. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl/.edu/libphilprac/814 on 14/5/2021 Ezeani, C. N. (2010). Network literacy skills of academic librarians for effective services delivery: The case of the University of Nigeria, Library Systems. In the Proceedings of Second Professional Summit on Information Science and Technology (PSIST). Nsukka: Nnamdi Azikiwe Library U.N.N 56-66. Ezeani, C. N. (2011). Network literacy skills of academic librarians for effective services delivery: The case of University of Nigeria Library System. Library Philosophy and Practice. Retrieved from http://uidaho.edu/~mbolin/ezeani.htm on 11/06/2021. Fakas, M. (2007). Going where patrons are. American Libraries, 38(4), 27-32. Retrieved from http://www.itc.conversationnetworking on 20/5/2021. Gallardo, R. (2013). Social media for libraries: social media use. Retrieved from http://www.webjunction.org/events/webjunction/Library_Social_Media_Use.html on 22/2/2018. Gentry, L. (2014). Library pinterest examples. Retrieved from http://www.pinterest.com/lauramgentry/library-pinterest-examples/ on 20/5/2021. Gunelius, S. (2014). What is a blog? Retrieved from http://weblogs.about.com/od/startingablog/p/WhatIsABlog.htm Jain, N., Verma, R. & Tiwari, P. (2012). Going social: the impact of social networking in promoting education. International Journal of Computer Science, 9(1), 483-485. Kaplan, A. M. & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite: the challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68. 19 Kaplan, M & Blakley, J. (2009). ‘The business and culture of social media’ Retrieved http://www.learcenter.org/pdf/businessandcultureofsocialmedia.pdf on 20/5/2021. Kibugi, S. (2013). The use of social media in the dissemination of information in selected public and private university libraries in Kenya. Innovation, 47(1), 101-120. Leonard W. P. (1994). Libraries without walls: field service librarianship. Journal Academic Libraries, 20(1):29–30. Marion, A. & Omotayo, O. (2011). Development of a social networking site with a networked library and conference chat. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and information sciences, 2(8), 396 – 401. Retrieved from http://www.cisjournal.org on 11/6/2021 Megan Lotts and Stephanie Graves (2011). Using the iPad for reference services: Librarians go mobile. College and Research Libraries, 72(4). Retrieved from: http://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/8544/8876. 20/5/2021. Mohd, S. A. & Aditya, T. (2017). Use of WhatsApp for effective delivery of Library and Information Services. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 37(5), 360- 365, DOI: 10.14429/djlit.37.11090. Retrieved from: http://122.252.233.35/ojs/index.php/djlit/article/viewFile/11090/6013 on 20/5/2021. Moran, B. B. & Leonard, E. (2009). Academic librarianship. In: Encyclopaedia of Library and Information Sciences. 3rd ed. J. D. Mcdonald and M. Levine-Clark, Eds. New York: Taylor Francis. 1-10. Mundt, S. (2013). Evaluating the marketing success of libraries’ social media presences. Paper presented at the IFLA World Library and Information Congress, 17 - 23 August 2013, Singapore. Retrieved from http://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/196 on 20/5/2021. Nazim, S. H. M. (2015). Use of different information and communication technologies in Indian academic libraries. Library Review, 64 (1/2), 135-153. Peyala, V. (2011). Impact of using information technology in central university libraries in India” Results of a survey, program. Electronic Library and Information Systems, 45(3), 308- 322. Potter, N. (2013). Marketing academic libraries in a web 2 world. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/thewikiman/marketing-libraries-in-a-web-2-world on 20/5/2021. Ritholz, B. (2010). History of social media. Retrieved from: http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2010/12/history-of-social-media/ on 17/04/2021 RUSA (2017). Definitions of reference. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/rusa/guidelines/definitionsreference on 20/5/2021. Statt, N. (2016). WhatsApp has grown to 1 billion users. The Verge, Vox Media. Retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/2016/2/1/10889534/whats-app-1-billion-usersfacebook-mark zuckerberg on 5/6/2021. Szkolar, D. (2012). Pinterest: a new social media opportunity for libraries. Retrieved from http://infospace.ischool.syr.edu/2012/03/10/pinterest-a-new-social-media-opportunityfor libraries/ on 5/6/2021. Taylor & Francis Group (2014). Use of social media by the library: current practices and future opportunities. Retrieved from http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/access/white-paper socialmedia.pdf 20 Thanuskodi, S. (2011). WEB 2.0 Awareness among Library and Information Science Professionals of the Engineering Colleges in Chennai City: A Survey. Journal of Communication, 1(2), 69- 75. Valentine, M. & Oleniczak, E. (n. d.). New York Public library. Retrieved from http://www.pinterest.com/nypl/ on 5/6/2021. Walia, P. K. & Gupta, M. (2012) Application of web 2.0 tools by national libraries. Webology, 9(2). Retrieved from http://www.webology.org/2012/v9n2/a99.htm.l on 5/6/2021. Wan, G. G. (2011). How academic libraries reach users on Facebook. College and undergraduate libraries, 18(4), 307-318. Retrieved from: http://www.tandfonline.cim/loi/wcul20 on 3/7/2021 Witte, G. G. (2014). Content generation and social network interaction within academic library Facebook pages. Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, 26(2), 89-100. View publication stat(EANSO, 2023-07-08) Wanjugu, Milkah; Maitaria, Joseph Nyehita; Mwangi, Peter KinyanjuiMtunzi wa kazi ya kazi ya fasihi hususan riwaya na tamthilia, hutumia mbinu mahususi kuwasilishia matukio na mawazo yanavyoshuhudiwa katika jamii. Mbinu hizo huteuliwa na mtunzi kwa makusudi ili ujumbe unaokusudiwa kuwasilishwa na kueleweka kwa mwafaka na hadhira. Mbinu hizo ni zile zinazojibainisha katika kitengo cha tamathali za usemi. Katika utafiti huu, mbinu inayozingatiwa ni kinaya ambacho huwasilisha ujumbe kinyume na matarajio. Utafiti huu unatuonyesha matumizi ya kinaya katika riwaya ya Chozi la Heri (2017) ambayo imeandikwa na Matei na tamthilia ya Kigogo (2015) ambayo imeandikwa na Kea. Wanakejeli uhuru katika mataifa yaliyopata uhuru mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960 barani Afrika. Mataifa haya ni yale ambayo baada ya kupigania uhuru na kuunyakua kutoka kwa wakoloni, bado raia wanahisi kuwa wanaendelea kuwa katika hali ya kudhulumiwa na hali ya maisha kuwa magumu kutokana na uongozi usioafiki maono ya matarajio yao. Utafiti huu utabainisha jinsi watunzi wa riwaya na tamthilia teule yaani Assumpta Matei na Pauline Kea mtawalia walivyowasilisha kazi zao kwa kuzingatia mbinu ya kinaya katika kubainishia na kuukejeli uongozi katika bara la Afrika. Malengo ya utafiti huu yatakuwa, kufafanua matumizi ya kinaya katika riwaya ya Chozi la Heri na tamthilia ya Kigogo, kujadili jinsi waandishi wa riwaya ya Chozi la Heri na tamthilia ya Kigogo wametumia kinaya katika kuendeleza maudhui na kueleza jinsi mbinu ya kinaya ilivyotumiwa katika usawiri wa wahusika viongozi katika riwaya ya Chozi la Heri na tamthilia ya Kigogo. Utafiti huu utaongozwa na nadharia ya uhakiki wa mtindo na uchanganuzi wa data utaongozwa na mihimili ya nadharia hii kisha matokeo yatawasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo.Item Analysis of Semantic Fields in Gĩkũyũ Church Sermons in Nyeri County, Kenya(Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2018-08) Gitonga, Catherine N.; Gathigia, Moses G.; Nyarigoti, Naom M.The notion of semantic field is a structural model for lexical semantics which is attributed to Jost Trier in the Semantic Field Theory. The semantic field is an indispensable part of any language since without it information may not be conveyed appropriately. To find the best way to help people comprehend semantic fields, and especially the domain of church sermons, is an issue which requires research to crystallize. However, studies conducted on semantic fields and their implications on the comprehension of church sermons remains scanty. It is against this background that the study analyses the semantic fields in Gĩkũyũ church sermons in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive survey design and targeted live sermons delivered in 84 parishes of the Presbyterian Church of East Africa in Nyeri County, Kenya. Eight live sermons were purposively sampled. The data was collected through tape recording. A lexical semanticist was also interviewed. Content data analysis was used to analyse the semantic fields in Gĩkũyũ church sermons. Data is presented in tables in which Gĩkũyũ semantic fields used in the sermons are listed and their gloss provided. The semantic fields identified are subjected to further analyses based on the tangibility and non-tangibility criteria. The study found that semantic fields are elaborately utilized in Gĩkũyũ church sermons. Based on the semantic field analyses, the following implications for the study are noted: (i) there is merit of an extensive theoretical overview of semantic fields of church sermons (previously subject to cursory treatment), (ii) there are methodological consequences for the study of semantic fields addressing church sermons, (iii) the ability to use semantic fields correctly and appropriately is an important part of linguistic competence, and (iv) it is easier for vocabulary items that belong to the same semantic field to be understood since they will be able to form a pattern of interrelated words in a person’s mind. The study concludes that, inter alia, the broad semantic fields are based on the key issues addressed by the sermons, that is, challenges and sins, which are believed to be part and parcel of a Christian life. The study recommends that further research on semantic fields be conducted on other items of the church service like songs and prayers.Item Application and Practice of Sustainable Procurement in Kenya(IJISET, 2015-12-12) Muraguri, Eunice Kagure; Waweru, Edward; Musyimi, Peter KinyaeSustainable procurement isn’t simply about being “green” but it’s also about; socially and ethically responsible purchasing, minimizing environmental impact through the supply chain,delivering economically sound solutions and good business practice. Sustainable procurement is rising on the policy agenda for many countries but knowledge remains limited. In Kenya, the government has put in place a wide range of policy, institutional and legislative to govern all business activities in a move towards green procurement. These include; Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) 1999, Kenya Solid Waste Management by laws of 2007, The Factories Act (Cap 514 of the Laws of Kenya), The Environmental Management and Co-ordination Regulations, 2006. However, with all these acts and legislations, adoption of green procurement has been slow resulting in lower diffusion rate in Kenya. This study therefore sought to establish the status of green procurement in Kenya while guided by the following objectives: To evaluate the steps made towards sustainable procurement in Kenya, to establish the advantages accrued to a firm which embraces sustainable procurement and to establish the challenges facing a firm which embraces sustainable procurement. The study relied on published secondary data from three sampled industries in Kenya and reports by bodies such as PPOA, CIPs and UNEP. Purposive / selective sampling design was employed in selecting the three industries under study. The study established that though the drive towards pollution prevention and minimization of environmental impacts at all stages of the product lifecycle from sourcing of raw materials, through manufacturing, transport, use and disposal has not been embraced by the sampled industries, there was evidence of allegations of irregular procurement at some companies, including non-adherence to environmental issues. Advantages associated with sustainable procurement included; minimizing risks, gaining market share and delivering better service provision. Challenges encountered were: employees resistant to change, the initial cost incurred, poor policy communication among othersItem Assessment of an Effective Pastoral Care Model for Helping Widows Overcome Grief in Ack Kirinyaga Diocese, Kenya(Journal of Arts & Humanities, 2019-04) Kathomi, Mbaabu Kellyjoy; Murage, Josiah Kinyua; Kiarie, GeorgeWidows go through emotional difficulties in the process of grief yet they constitute a large percent of the adult female population. Nevertheless, they continue to remain silent considering the inadequate well laid out mechanisms for emotional support by the church. This study assessed an effective Pastoral Care Model for helping widows overcome grief in the Anglican Church of Kenya, Kirinyaga diocese, Kenya. The objective of this study was to assess a Pastoral Care Model that can be theologically incorporated in widows’ ministry. This study was guided by Kubler- Ross model of grief care. This study was restricted to 358 widows and 70 clergy in Kirinyaga diocese. The findings of this study were that; widows experienced stages of grief in a non-linear progression; emotional support was arguably neglected to some extent; clergy enrolling in a teaching module would assist them in widow’s ministry and; three variables were significant in predicting the most effective Pastoral Care Model. In this article it is therefore proposed that a Pastoral Care Model which is theological and contextual to African setting should be taught to all care givers so as to effectively deal with the issue of death and grief among the widows.Item A Categorization Strategy for Objects Metaphors in Ekegusii Pop Songs(Refaad, 2019) Ntabo, Victor OndaraThe principle of Great Chain of Being Metaphor (GCBM) is normally resourceful in the analysis of metaphors. This is because the GCBM assigns a place for any phenomenon in the universe in a strict hierarchical system thus helping in understanding one thing based on another. For example, the objects chain is the second last level which is very useful in conceptualizing objects metaphors in society. Composers of Ekegusii pop songs (EPS) employ objects metaphors which refer to concreteness and abstractness to communicate their message in a subjective manner. However, the GCBM does not effectively account for concreteness and abstractness in objects metaphor analysis. The paper, therefore, devises a categorization strategy to aid in the analysis of the metaphors in EPS. Using a qualitative research design, the study identifies, classifies and interprets the metaphors in the selected EPS using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU). Obwanchani (Love) EPS by Ontiri Bikundo was purposively sampled for the study based on its richness in metaphors and popularity in FM stations in Kenya. The research found that the objects metaphors are source domains in the construction of metaphors related to human beings in EPS. The paper concludes that metaphors are crucial ways of communication and should be analyzed using a Cognitive Linguistics approach. The study recommends that language researchers should adopt a categorization strategy to effectively analyze the objects metaphors.Item The Chief Mau Mau Propagandist: Experiences that Prompted Gakaara wa Wanjau into Anti-Colonial Literary Activism(International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 2017) Wairimu, Lucy Waithanwa; Mwaruvie, John; Maina, Lucy MuthoniThis article examines the personal experiences of Gakaara wa Wanjau that influenced his political literary activism during the colonial period. The paper is informed by Relative Deprivation Theory. It demonstrates that Gakaara wa Wanjau was “The Chief Mau Mau Propagandist” as the British colonial authorities termed him. The paper opines that literary activism was crucial to the struggle for the attainment of the independence of Kenya. His literary works and collection of songs shaped the political consciousness of the Mau Mau fighters. The study concludes that he was a unique literary political activist who was able to take advantage of his contemporary issues to try to decolonize the African mind. Material for the article is derived from existing works, archival research and oral interviews. The study contributes to the enriching of the Mau Mau historiography in KenyaItem The Chief Mau Mau Propagandist: Experiences that Prompted Gakaara wa Wanjau into Anti-Colonial Literary Activism(2017-04) Maina, Lucy Muthoni; Mwaruvie, John; Waithanwa, Lucy WairimuThis article examines the personal experiences of Gakaara wa Wanjau that influenced his political literary activism during the colonial period. The paper is informed by Relative Deprivation Theory. It demonstrates that Gakaara wa Wanjau was “The Chief Mau Mau Propagandist” as the British colonial authorities termed him. The paper opines that literary activism was crucial to the struggle for the attainment of the independence of Kenya. His literary works and collection of songs shaped the political consciousness of the Mau Mau fighters. The study concludes that he was a unique literary political activist who was able to take advantage of his contemporary issues to try to decolonize the African mind. Material for the article is derived from existing works, archival research and oral interviews. The study contributes to the enriching of the Mau Mau historiography in KenyaItem Climate Change Knowledge Gap in Education System in Kenya(International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences, 2015) Huho, J.M.Kenya, like other countries in the Horn of Africa, is severely affected by climate change. Droughts interposed with floods are recurrent climatic features particularly in the dry lands of the country. Climate extremes have not only led to low agricultural production but have also destroyed all other sectors of the economy such as tourism and industrialization rate. Droughts are the main contributing factor to high poverty levels having over 70% of the Kenya populace directly or indirectly depending on rainfed agriculture. Understanding of the climate issues is therefore crucial in averting any climate related risks. To realize economic development the government of Kenya has invested heavily on education, which is viewed as a central input in the development process. In Kenya’s Vision 2030, quality education as one of the priority sectors under the social pillar. Literacy level in Kenya stands to 87.5%. Unfortunately, the high literacy level has not translated to economic development as poverty levels stands at 47%. This study therefore sought to examine the climate change knowledge gap in the Kenya’s education system. Specifically, the study sought to establish the place of climate studies in the Kenya’s education system and also to establish the level of knowledge of climate change related issues among the Kenyan university students. The sample population included students from all university faculties in two public universities. A total of 108 students were sampled, 54 from each university. Almost all students (96.3%) were aware of changes in climatic patterns. In regard to the long rains (primary growing season in Kenya), 51.9% of the students observed reduction in rainfall events while 40.7 observed an increase. Rainfall amount was observed to be decreasing by 55.6% of the students. Increase in temperatures was observed by 70.4% and was attributed to increasing number of hot days. Despite the importance of climate change knowledge to the courses undertaken at the universities only 7.4% of the students wanted the climate change studies to be taught in universities. Majority (33.3%) of the students wanted the course to be taught at primary level only. The common mitigation strategy known by majority of the students was afforestation and reafforestation. The study identified two main factors that led to scanty knowledge of climate change: (i) negative attitude towards agriculture which was seen as the main sector affected by climate change and (ii) bias in the integration of climate science content in Kenya’s education system. To achieve the vision 2030 where education is aimed at enhancing both agricultural and industrial productivity, the study recommended an integration of climate science course in all subjects taught in schools, colleges and universities or introduction of climate change as a standalone subject at all levels of learning.Item A Cognitive Approach to EkeGusii Pop Songs(Australian International Academic Centre, 2018-03) Ntabo, Victor Ondara; Gathigia, Moses Gatambuki; Nyarigoti, Naom MoraaA review of literature on pop songs reveals that composers use metaphors to communicate their feelings. In particular, the meaning of the metaphors in EkeGusii pop songs needs to be interpreted to reveal the message of the composers. The EkeGusii pop singer Christopher Mosioma’s (Embarambamba) songs have gained fame in Kenya because of their richness in the usage of metaphors. One of Christopher Mosioma’s songs, amasomo (education) which was launched in 2015 has gained acclaim from Kenyans. The song amasomo (education) is basically presented as a piece of advice to students to embrace education in order to optimally reap from its benefits. The study identified 10 metaphors in the song amasomo (education) through the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit. In order to interpret the metaphors in the EkeGusii pop song amasomo (education), the Conceptual Metaphor Theory complemented by the folk conception of the generic Great Chain of Being Metaphor were employed. The study employed four coders (including the researchers) in the identification of the metaphors. The study found that, inter alia, animal, plant and object metaphors are used in the song amasomo (education). The study concludes that the metaphors in the EkeGusii pop songs belong inherently to different levels of the generic Great Chain of Being MetaphorItem A Cognitive Semantics Analysis of Fulstop and Valentine Taarab Songs by Khadija Kopa and Mzee Yusuf(International Journal of Psychology Research, 2017) Ntabo, Victor OndaraThe Taarab composers and singers Khadija Kopa and Mzee Yusuf have gained appeal for their hilarious and metaphorical songs. In particular, the songs, Fulstop by Khadija Kopa and Valentine by Mzee Yusuf have been a massive hit with many Kenyans as they are regularly played in coastal FM stations and social gatherings, thanks to their use of metaphors and witticism. Basically, the song Fulstop is about Khadija Kopa’s self-praise of her achievements in the music industry and the pieces of advice she offers the youths to stay away from vices especially drugs and substance abuse and illicit sex. Mzee Yusuf paints a picture of a patriarchal male member in society who is “worshipped” by women. Using four coders including the researcher, this paper set out to identify the metaphors in the songs through the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU). In addition, the study explains the meaning of the metaphors using the Cognitive Semantics framework. Content analysis which is within the qualitative research paradigm, also guided the analysis of the metaphors in the songs. The study found that the MIPVU is an effective method of identifying metaphors in songs. Also, the study notes that animal, human being, plant and object metaphors are source domains in the construction of metaphors in the songs. The study concludes that the metaphors in taarab songs belong inherently to different levels of the generic Great Chain of Being Metaphor (GCBM)Item Dhima ya Ushairi wa Kiswahili Katika Kuelimishia Jamii Kuhusu Demokrasia(African Journals Online, 2014) Maitaria, Joseph NyehitaMakala haya yanafafanua dhima ya Ushairi wa Kiswahili katika kubainisha na kuielimishia jamii kuhusu masuala ya demokrasia. Ushairi kama kitengo muhimu cha fasihi, umekuwa ukitumiwa kuchochea usaili na tafakari kuhusu uhusika wa watu katika uongozi wa jamii. Aidha, umaarufu wake hautokani tu na maneno ya lugha iliyozoewa katika jamii bali kupitia kwa tamathali za usemi ambazo huhusishwa kwa makusudi katika ubebaji wa ujumbe unaowasilishwa.Hivyo, utanzu huu unakuwa ni nyenzo ya kuwaelekeza, kuwaelimisha na kuwazindua watu kuhusu uwajibikaji wa kushiriki na kuchangia kwa dhati katika masuala ya siasa na uongozi wa jamii. Katika miaka ya mwanzo mwanzo mwa 1960 hadi miaka ya 1990, serikali za mataifa ya Afrika Mashariki zimekuwa zikijitahidi kwa kiwango fulani lakini hazijaudhibiti mwafaka wa kuhusisha umma katika masuala muhimu ya kitaifa. Kutokana na mabadiliko asasi za jamii ya sasa, kumekuwa na mitazamo tofauti tofauti kuhusu falsafa na matarajio ya watu kuhusu uelekezaji wa maisha yao. Baadhi ya wanajamii wamekuwa wakisaili na kukemea baadhi ya vitendo hasi vinavyoshuhudiwa katika mfumo wa utawala uliopo katika jamii. Kadhalika, ushairi wa Kiswahili umekuwa ukiyabainisha na kuyafakari baadhi ya masuala hayo kwa jicho pekuzi. Kwa maana hii, suala la demokrasia linashughulikiwa katika makala haya kwa kurejelea baadhi ya mashairi ya Abdilatif Abdalla, Sauti ya Dhiki (1973), Alamin Mazrui, Chembe cha Moyo (1988) na Said Ahmed Mohammed, Jicho la Ndani (2002)Item Effects of Land Use Change on Banana Production: A Case Study of Imenti South Sub-County of Meru County in Kenya(Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal, 2020-09) Nyamamba, Kevin A.; Ouna, Tom O; Kamiri, Hellen; Pane, ErwinMost high agricultural potential regions in Kenya such as Imenti South (Meru County) have exceeded their population density and have been associated with sharp decline in farm productivity. There has been a systematic transformation of land use for banana production in the area. This has led to reduction in land acreage under other crops and increase in land acreage under banana farming. This study focused on land use and banana production trends between the years 2000 to 2019 in Imenti South. To achieve the objective, the study used mixed research design that involved qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample size of 377 respondents was identified using simple random sampling. Banana yields and land acreage data were obtained from Imenti South Agricultural office for the study period. The main research instruments were questionnaires for households and key informants. Majority of the respondents (72%) in the study region admitted to have changed the land use and type of crops they have been farming during the study period whereas 28% changed from other crops to banana farming. Land acreage and banana production have been increasing during the study period in the area. The study revealed there is positive and statistically significant relationship (r = .617; p = .004) between land under banana and production. The study recommends that stakeholders in County governments should establish departments that independently identify, analyses, monitor and educates the famers on the new technologies that improves and increases banana productionItem Etymological Elaboration As A Pedagogical Approach: Insights From Applied Linguistics(International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies, 2016) Gathigia, Moses GatambukiIdioms are regarded as problematic to teach and, a fortiori, difficult for second language learners to comprehend due to the arbitrariness of their meanings and forms. Thus, the objective of this study is to test the efficacy of etymological elaboration and the teacher descriptive approach to the teaching and learning of English idioms in second language contexts. To achieve this objective, 30 purposively sampled English idioms were gathered from the Macmillan English Dictionary (2007 edition) and the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010 edition). The study was conducted using a pretest / posttest paradigm. Two Form three classes were sampled for this study. A pretest on the 30 English idioms was administered, marked and results recorded. Learners in the experimental class were taught using etymological elaboration approach while those in the control class were taught using the teacher descriptive approach. A posttest was given to the participants in the same format as the pretest. The scores recorded in both tests were analyzed quantitatively using the Levene's Test for Equality of Variances. The study noted that the teaching of English idioms using etymological elaboration approach facilitates learners’ retention and comprehension of idioms. The study concludes that the etymological elaboration approach is an effective strategy of teaching English idioms. The paper proposes recommendations for pedagogy of English idioms for learners of English as the second language in Kenya and beyondItem Eucharistic symbols: Other emerging meanings in the Anglican Church of Kenya.(Stellenbosch Theological Journal, 2017) Kiarie, GeorgeThis article is set to argue that for a long time Eucharistic symbols have been interpreted in different contexts, with a universal understanding as the body and blood of Jesus Christ. However, recent studies in the Anglican Church of Kenya, diocese of Thika, reveal other emerging meanings of these symbols among Christians. Such meanings include foreign food product, prohibited product, symbol of modernity and finally symbol of neo-colonialism. This article is informed by qualitative data obtained from adherents in the diocese of Thika between 2013 and 2014.Item Evaluation of popular functional christologies among the ndia christians of kirinyaga west sub county in kenya(Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 2017-10) Mwangi, Hezron; Murage, Josiah; Osamba, JoshiahThe study evaluated popular functional Christologies among the Christians of Ndia in Kirinyaga West sub-county, Kenya. Popular Christologies reflect people’s real understanding of Jesus Christ. The objectives of the study were to establish social, political and economic functional Christologies among Ndia. The target population comprised of all churches in Ndia, which comprised of 25 Catholic, 29 Anglican, six Lutheran, six Presbyterian, 40 Pentecostal and ten Afro-Pentecostal congregations with an estimate population of 11,600 faithfuls.. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The data showed that social, economic and political functional Christologies were well balanced. The study recommends that churches in Ndia encourage people to appreciate the relationship between work and wealth and medicine and healing. It is envisaged that the results of the study will be useful to social workers, scholars, churches, other non-governmental organizations and government agencies intending to or already working with the Ndia people.Item Evaluation of Popular Functional Christologies among the Ndia Christians of Kirinyaga West Sub County in Kenya.(Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 2017-10) Mwangi, Hezron; Murage, Josiah; Osamba, JoshiahThe study evaluated popular functional Christologies among the Christians of Ndia in Kirinyaga West sub-county, Kenya. Popular Christologies reflect people’s real understanding of Jesus Christ. The objectives of the study were to establish social, political and economic functional Christologies among Ndia. The target population comprised of all churches in Ndia, which comprised of 25 Catholic, 29 Anglican, six Lutheran, six Presbyterian, 40 Pentecostal and ten Afro-Pentecostal congregations with an estimate population of 11,600 faithfuls.. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The data showed that social, economic and political functional Christologies were well balanced. The study recommends that churches in Ndia encourage people to appreciate the relationship between work and wealth and medicine and healing. It is envisaged that the results of the study will be useful to social workers, scholars, churches, other non-governmental organizations and government agencies intending to or already working with the Ndia people.Item Factors influencing fertility preferences of currently married men in Kenya(2016) Mashara, Janet NaisoiFertility preferences are central in determining the future fertility of the society particularly where and when those desires are implemented. The socio-cultural structures in most African communities have given men the mandate to decide in all aspects of life including family sizes and fertility behaviors. Information on fertility preference in Kenya especially regarding men is very scanty. This study therefore specifically sought to establish the effects of sociodemographic; socio-economic; and socio-cultural factors on fertility preference of currently married men in Kenya. Data was drawn from sample size of 1,757 married men aged 15-54 years who were asked questions on various topics including fertility preference during the 2008/9 KDHS. The study findings revealed that age, number of living children, education, region, occupation, type of marriage and number of living sons were significant factors associated with the desire for additional children at 0.001, 0.01 and 0.05 significance level. In conclusion, fertility preference of currently married men in Kenya is influenced mainly by demographic (age & Number of living children); socio-economic (education & region) and socio-cultural factors (type of marriage & Number of living sons). Recommendations: i) Education for men should be emphasized because education was discovered to have a significant negative effect on the fertility preference; ii) Policies that aim at integrating population into development should be encouraged so as to foster socio-economic development in all the regions and hence minimize the regional disparities as it relates to fertility preferences; iii) Further studies, both qualitative and quantitative, to be carried out in order to explore the socio-cultural religious beliefs, norms and attitudes of men in regards to the value of children; v) Qualitative studies needs to be conducted in the North Eastern region to find out the driving forces for glaringly high fertility preference other than low literacy level. Key Words: Fertility preference, Desire for Additional Children, Sex preference, Education, age.Item The Forgotten Minority: The Origins of the Asian-Owned Sugar Plantation Agriculture in Kisumu County, Kenya(Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers, 2016) Osamba, Joshia OtienoItem The Forgotten Minority: The Origins of the Asian-Owned Sugar Plantation Agriculture in Kisumu County, Kenya(Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers, 2016) Osamba, Joshia OtienoAbstract: This paper traces the origins and development of Asian sugar plantation agriculture and industry in Kisumu County of Kenya. The sugar plantation economy still remains the cornerstone of the County’s economy. The study examines the factors for the emergence of the sugar plantation economy such as the completion of the Uganda railway, colonial land policies and the climatic conditions among others. The study points out that the colonial government in Kenya established and maintained authoritarian labour policies characterized by forced labour, land alienation and taxation. These colonial labour policies gradually induced Africans to join wage labour. Even though the colonial labour policies were mainly aimed at assisting the European settlers, coincidentally the Asian settlers to some extent benefitted too. Material for the study is derived from archival research, oral interviews and analysis of existing works on socioeconomic history in general and agriculture in particular. The study is informed by the underdevelopment theory. Using the perspective, the study demonstrates how colonial land and labour policies led to the underdevelopment of peasant sector in Kisumu County. The local people from the surrounding locations tended to work in the nearby Asian sugar plantations because of economic and social reasons and also because the locations were set aside for labour within Kisumu County. Although there was only a limited land alienation for Asian settlement in Kisumu County, its negative effect had become pronounced by the Second World War period. The article contends that colonial capitalism had numerous negative effects on the African peasants in Kisumu County. First, land alienation which was meant to provide land for Asian settlers and to force the local people into wage labour limited the land available to the local people. It concludes that colonialism in its manifold forms intensified the underdevelopment in Kisumu County. The study contributes to the Asian historiography in Kenya. In addition it explores the contribution of African labourers to Asians’ agricultural endeavours. Keywords: Capitalism; labour; plantation; sugar industry; underdevelopment.Item GIS Analysis of Physical Accessibility to Food Markets in Tharaka Region of Kenya(Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 2020) KIBETU, Dickson Kinoti; HUHO, Julius Mburu; OUNA, Tom OdhiamboIn semi-arid rural Kenya, most households travel long distances to access food markets. This has negative effects on food consumption and the use of market facilities. Over70 % of farmers in Tharaka Constituency lack access to formal markets often relying on contracted middlemen who buy at farm gate for traders in major urban centres. Studies on intravariation in accessibility to market services remains scanty, yet market purchases account for most food consumed across urban and rural areas. Distance defines accessibility and performance of market facilities in most areas where food insecurity and malnutrition are common. This study used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to measure physical accessibility to open air markets within semi-arid Tharaka, a constituency where vulnerability to acute food shortage is comparatively high. Normative, administrative and geospatial datasets were used in the analysis. Results showed that geographic accessibility to local market centres vary spatially across the villages. In terms of market accessibility, 40.4% of the total population live in areas with high inaccessibility risks while 36.1% are found in places with low inaccessibility risks and only 23.5% of the population exists in areas with moderate inaccessibility risks. This means a large proportion of deprived population live in villages within high to very high inaccessibility risk areas. This spatial inequity has implications on household food security and explains the chronic problems of hunger and malnutrition experienced in the area. Therefore, markets within high inaccessibility risk areas should be upgraded and infrastructure thereof improved to enable food mobility across these areas.
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